Download Chem 400 Chem 150 REVIEW SHEET Amanda R

Amanda Robinson
Dr. Rosan
Senior Seminar
January 31st, 2017
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Chemistry 150
Atoms, Molecules, Ions – fundamentals of elements
o Protons, electrons and neutrons make up an atom
o Atoms make up molecules, all matter is made of atoms
o Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, and electrons are buzzing outside
the nucleus around the nucleus in orbitals
o # of protons defines an element, # of protons = atomic #
o # of neutrons and electrons can change
o Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged,
neutrons are neutral
o The charge on an ion is equal in magnitude to the number of electrons gained
to reach a full octet (8 valence electrons)
o Elements in groups 1,2,13 and 14 form cations (positively charged ion)
o Elements in groups 15, 16 and 17 form anions (negatively charged ions)
o Most transition metals form cations of various charge
Trends in Periodic Table – trends of elements to predict formation of bonds
o Counting valence electrons, electron configuration
o Atomic radii increases to the left and down
o Electron Affinity/Ionization Energy and electronegativity increases going up
and to the right
Types of Bonds – must know which bond types can form and how
o Covalent
o Ionic
o Molecular
o Bond order # of bonding e- - # of antibonding e-/2
Stoichiometry – must be able to balance reactions for any use in a reaction
o Balancing equations
o Limiting reagent: reactant that determines how much of the products are
made
o Percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield
Types of Chemical Reactions – rearrangement of atoms for synthesis
o Oxidation Reduction Reaction
 CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
 C is oxidized, reducing agent
 O2 is reduced, oxidizing agent
o Precipitation Reaction
 AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq)  NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)
o Double Replacement Reaction
 BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
o Single Replacement Reaction
 2AgNO3(aq)+Cu(s)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+Ag(s)
o Neutralization Reaction
 HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O+NaF(aq)
Amanda Robinson
Dr. Rosan
Senior Seminar
January 31st, 2017
Learning Outcomes
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Know the charges of the particles that make up an atom
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Be able to determine the number of neutrons in an isotope of an element
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Be able to determine where each type of particle resides in an atom
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Know the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight and the units for each
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Be able to define an element by the number of protons
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Identify a molecular, ionic or covalent bond and rationale
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Balance an equation for all types of reactions
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Draw a Lewis structure for any molecule and find bond order
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Be able to determine each type of reaction and show an example of each type of
reaction
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Determine an ion or polyatomic ion from a neutral atom or molecule and the charge
each carries
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Be able to determine the limiting reagent and theoretical yield to find the percent
yield
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Determine an unknown amount of reactant or product given the values of all other
reactants and products
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Know the difference between an empirical formula, molecular formula and
structural formula
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Recognize the trends on the periodic table for electron configuration, electron
affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity and atomic radii