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DNA Review Packet DNA Notes to study: DNA Structure, DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Mutations. Read each question and fill in the proper answer. 1. Label EVERY sugar (S), phosphate (P), and nitrogen base (A, T, C, G) in the diagram below. #2 2. Examine the objects inside the box labeled #2. What is this called? _____________________ 3. What is the special shape of DNA called? _________________________________________ 4. Which type of chemical bonds will join the two DNA bases? _________________________ 5. Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? _______________________________ 6. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply) Sugar Phosphate Base 7. Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? (circle all that apply) Sugar Phosphate Base DNA Replication 8. Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture. 9. Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture. Be sure to include the names of any enzyme involved. _______________ _______________ _______________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ 10. Make the complimentary DNA strand using this template DNA strand: ACT GCC ATT GAC 11. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. DNA mRNA tRNA Deoxyribonucleic Molecule full name Acid Ribose Name of sugar Nitrogen Bases Present Function Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine Store Genetic information 12. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA. _______ Holds the original coded information for making proteins _______ Can replicate itself _______ Carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly _______ Found in the nucleus only _______ Found in the cytoplasm only _______ Found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm _______ Carries the coded message to the ribosome Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer the questions 13-15. 13. Describe what is forming and happening in AREA A of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 14. Describe what is being gathered and happening in AREA B of the diagram. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 15. Describe what is being assembled and happening in AREA C of the diagram. Include the name of this process and the key players. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 16. If a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be? _______________ 17. If a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be? ___________ 18. Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation? ___________________________ 19. Which amino acid does every protein begin with? _________________________________ 20. Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation? ___________________________ 21. What bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein? ________________________ 22. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. (Remember to always use the mRNA to code for the amino acid.) DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid TTT 23. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid GUU 24. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Methionine 25. Using the mRNA codon chart, what codons specify for leucine? List all of them. Mutations 26. What is a gene mutation? 27. Give 3 examples of gene mutations. 28. What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more: point or frameshift mutation and why? 29. What is a chromosomal mutation? 30. Label each type of mutations below. Are they gene mutations or chromosomal mutations?