Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Spindle checkpoint wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Cell Reproduction Prokaryotes Bacteria Eukaryotes Plants & animals copyright cmassengale Prokaryotes Lack a nucleus Have a single chromosome Reproduce by binary fission Include bacteria copyright cmassengale Steps in Binary Fission Used by bacteria Cells increase their cell mass slightly DNA & cell components are replicated Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells copyright cmassengale Binary Fission of Bacterial Cell copyright cmassengale E. Coli Dividing by Binary Fission copyright cmassengale Eukaryotes Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis copyright cmassengale Cell Cycle Stages in growth & division G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase M Phase Cytokinesis copyright cmassengale G1 Phase First growth stage Cell increases in size Cell prepares to copy its DNA copyright cmassengale Synthesis Phase Copying of all of DNA’s instructions Chromosomes duplicated copyright cmassengale G2 Phase Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Cell continues growing Needed proteins produced copyright cmassengale M Phase Cell growth & protein production stop Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division) copyright cmassengale Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end. copyright cmassengale Interphase – Resting Stage Cells carrying on normal activities Chromosomes aren’t visible Cell metabolism is occurring Occurs before mitosis copyright cmassengale Interphase copyright cmassengale Stages of Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase copyright cmassengale Cells Undergoing Mitosis copyright cmassengale Steps in Prophase DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears Nuceolus disappears Centrioles migrate to poles Spindle begins to form copyright cmassengale Prophase copyright cmassengale Eukaryotic Chromosome copyright cmassengale Human Chromosomes copyright cmassengale Steps in Metaphase Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell copyright cmassengale Metaphase copyright cmassengale Steps in Anaphase Cell chromosomes are separated Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell copyright cmassengale Mitotic Spindle copyright cmassengale Anaphase copyright cmassengale Steps in Telophase Separation of chromosomes completed Cell Plate forms (plants) Cleavage furrow forms(animals) Nucleus & nucleolus reform Chromosomes uncoil copyright cmassengale Telophase Plant copyright cmassengale Animal Cytokinesis Occurs after chromosomes separate Forms two, identical daughter cells copyright cmassengale Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells copyright cmassengale