Download Name Cell Parts Reading Guide CELL HISTORY 1. Provide the two

Name _____________________
Cell Parts Reading Guide
CELL HISTORY
1. Provide the two statements that form the “Cell Theory”, when were these
established?
2. Carefully read “Biological Challenges” on page 159, who given responsibility for
seeing the first cells? what kind of cells were they? when was this work done?
3. Who was responsible for naming the nucleus and when was this established?
4. Who was responsible for identifying a nucleus in plant cells?
5. Who was responsible for determining that animals are also made up of cells and
when was this established?
6. Thirty years after Hooke discovered cells, van Leeuwenhoek observed what he
reported to be “wee beasties” (seriously) what did he see and from what sources?
7. Who was responsible for establishing the “Cell Theory”?
ORGANELLES
8. Describe the structure of the cell wall found in plant cells and why its structure is
so strong.
9. The nucleus is generally the largest organelle inside of Eukaryotic cells, why is it
called the cells genetic control center. How is the DNA of Eukaryotic cells
different from the DNA of Prokaryotic cells?
10. Briefly describe the structure nucleoli (nucleolus), where is it found and what is
its function.
11. Briefly describe the relationship between and the nature of cytoplasm and cytosol.
12. In the cytosol/cytoplasm is a system called the cytoskeleton. What is the function
of the cytoskeleton? Distinguish between the three types of fibers that make up
the cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) by
sketching a diagram with captions. (make sure to take a look at the “Focus On”
section on page 172).
13. Scattered throughout the cytoplasm of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are organelles
called ribosomes. What are ribosomes made of and what is their function in
living things? Where else can they be found in living things?
14. Briefly describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum as well as its function.
15. Briefly describe the structure and function of the golgi apparatus. Do the same
for vesicles and describe the relationship between the two.
16. Eukaryotic cells have what is referred to as an internal membrane system, what
three organelles function in this system? The function of this system is largely
directed by DNA, how can you link the action of DNA to the functioning of the
intermembrane system?
17. Briefly describe the structure and function of a lysosome. What intercellular
digestive enzyme that you experimented with extensively is found inside of
lysosomes.
18. Briefly describe the structure and function of vacuoles found in plant cells.
19. Briefly describe the structure and function of centrioles. In what types of cells are
centrioles found and in what types of cells are centrioles noticeably absent?
20. How are flagella in Eukaryotic cells different than flagella in Prokaryotes. What
is their function in both types of cells.
21. Briefly describe the structure of cilia and provide two examples of their
functioning in humans.