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Name____________________________ Hour___________ DUE DATE________________ Biology Final Exam ReviewReview- Unit 15 & 1616- Darwinian Evolution and Speciation 15. 11- The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity Define Evolution- ________________________________________________________________________________ Theory- __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. What did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species? ___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos? _________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Why is evolution referred to as a theory? __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 22- Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking 1. What two ideas from geology were important to Darwin’s thinking? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. According to Lamarck, how did organisms acquire traits? ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to Malthus, what factors limited population growth? _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How did Lyell’s Principles of Geology influence Darwin? _____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did Lamarck’s hypotheses of evolution contribute to scientific thought? _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Why have they been rejected? __________________________________________________________ 15. 33- Darwin Presents His Case Define Artificial selection- _________________________________________________________________________ Fitness- __________________________________________________________________________________ Adaptation- ______________________________________________________________________________ Survival of the fittest- ______________________________________________________________________ Natural Selection- _________________________________________________________________________ Decent with modification- __________________________________________________________________ Common Decent- __________________________________________________________________________ Homologous structure- ______________________________________________________________________ Vestigial organ- ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. How is artificial selection dependant on variation in nature? _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains, in scientific terms, how living things evolve over time. What is being selected in this process? _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What types of evidence did Darwin use o support his theory of change over time? ________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 16.216.2- Evolution as Genetic Change Define Directional selection- _______________________________________________________________________ Stabalizing selection- _______________________________________________________________________ Disruptive selection- _______________________________________________________________________ Genetic drift- _____________________________________________________________________________ Founder effect- ____________________________________________________________________________ Hardy-Weinberg principle- __________________________________________________________________ Genetic equilibrium- _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Describe how natural selection can affect traits controlled by a single gene. _____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe AND DRAW graphs to show the three patterns of natural selection on polygenic traits. Use dotted lines to show the original distribution of phenotypes and a solid line to show the new one. a. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. Which one leads to two distinct phenotypes? ______________________________________________ 4. How does genetic drift lead to a change in a population’s gene pool? ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16.316.3- The Process of Speciation Define Speciation- ________________________________________________________________________________ Reproductive isolation- ______________________________________________________________________ Behavioral isolation- ________________________________________________________________________ Geographic isolation- _______________________________________________________________________ Temporal isolation- _________________________________________________________________________ 1. How is reproductive isolation related to the formation of new species? __________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What type of isolating mechanism was important in the formation of Galapagos island species? _____ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain how behavior can play a role in the evolution of species. ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________