Download ENZYMES

ENZYMES
ENZYMES
• Made of proteins
– Contain: ____ _____ _____ _____
• Enzymes are organic catalysts
– Catalysts are chemicals that help chemical reactions occur
– Enzymes remain the same during a chemical reaction
• Always end in –ase
– Ex. Lipase, Protease, Glucase, Lactase
ENZYMES
• Lock-and-Key Model
ENZYMES
• In the Lock and Key Model, enzymes must fit
their substrate
• Enzymes are “specific”
ENZYMES
• Each enzyme can work on only one specific
substrate
• Ex.
– Lipase works only on __________
– Sucrase works only on ____________
– Protease works only on ____________
– __________ works only on fructose
ENZYMES
• Enzymes help perform dehydration synthesis
ENZYMES
• Enzymes help perform hydrolysis
ENZYMES
• Re-draw and label each part of the picture
ENZYMES
• Enzymes are effected by the following factors:
– Temperature
– pH
– Concentration of enzyme
– Concentration of substrate
ENZYMES
• Temperature
– Enzymes work best at an optimum temperature
• Optimum temperature for human enzymes is ______, C
or _________, F
– Enzyme activity is slower as temperature gets too
cold or too hot
ENZYMES
• Temperature
ENZYMES
• Temperature
– At high temperatures, enzymes will lose their
shape
• They denature
• Misshapen enzymes no longer fit in the Lock and Key
Model, so chemical reactions do not take place
ENZYMES
• pH
– Enzymes rate of reaction is effected by the
amount of acid or base in an environment
ENZYMES
• pH
ENZYMES
• Optimum pH for two different enzymes
ENZYMES
• Concentration
– Increasing the concentration (amount) of an
enzyme or substrate, will only increase the rate of
reaction, to a point
ENZYMES
• Co-enzymes
– Enzymes work with co-enzymes to speed up the
rate of reactions.
• Ex. vitamins