Download Genetic Engineering

General Biology
Chapter 11
Gene Technology
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Genetic Engineering
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Recombinant DNA is made when a DNA
fragment is put into the DNA of a vector
Gel electrophroesis separates DNA
fragments by their size and shape
The goal of the Human Genome project
is to construct maps of the human
chromosomes and determine the DNA
sequences of Human chromosomes.
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Genetic Engineering
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DNA fingerprint analysis can be used to determine
whether two individuals are related
DNA fingerprinting enables genetic engineers to
arrange genes in a particular order on a
chromosomes.
Genetic engineering techniques can be used to make
crops resistance to destructive insects.
Dairy cattle will produce more milk when
genetically engineered growth hormone is added to
their food
A transgenic animal is an animal with foreign DNA
in its cells
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Genetic Engineering
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A strand of DNA formed by the spicing of
DNA from two different species is called?
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA
molecules from two different species.
Cleaving DNA with a restriction
enzymes. Recombining pieces of DNA
from different species, cloning and
screening target cells are all usual steps in
a genetic engineer experiment
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Refers to the process of moving genes
from a chromosomes of one organisms
to a chromosome of a different
organism
The use of genetic engineering to
transfer human genes into bacteria
allows the bacteria to produce human
proteins
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Genetic Engineering
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Restriction Enzymes are enzymes
that cut DNA molecules at specific
places
Restriction Enzymes-Bacterial
enzymes that cut DNA segments in
order to obtain a large number of
identical cells
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Genetic Engineering
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Southern Blot – technique that uses
radioactively labeled DNA to identify
specific genes in a piece of DNA
Gel electrophoresis-a techniques
used to separate molecules in a mixture
by subjecting them to an electrical field
within a gel
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Generic engineering : human health::
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Human insulin : diabetes patients
The following are medical conditions
that can be treated by using proteins
produced through genetic engineering
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Diabetes
hemophilia
ovarian cancer
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Genetic engineering
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The following are examples of gene
technology used in farming
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Use of cow growth hormone produced by
bacteria to increase milk production in cows
The development of larger and fastergrowing breeds of livestock
The addition of human genes to farm-animal
genes to obtain milk containing human
proteins
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Genetic Engineering
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The Goal of the Human Genome project
is to- create maps showing where genes
are located on human chromosomes
DNA fingerprinting has been used in criminal
investigations because- DNA analysis
allows investigators to distinguish body
cells of different individuals, who are
unlikely to have the same DNA
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Genetic Engineering
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Human Genome Project -name of
the scientific program that has worked
to construct maps of human
chromosomes and determine the DNA
sequence of those chromosomes
Human genome -The entire collection
of genes within the cells of a human
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Genetic Engineering
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Recombinant DNA is formed by the
joining of DNA molecules from two
different species
Antibodies- help destroy microbes that
invade the body ( only effective against
bacteria)
Insulin – protein produced by genetic
engineering to treat diabetes
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Plasmids
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Plasmids-are small circular forms of
bacterial DNA molecules that can
replicate independently of the main
bacterial chromosomes
Are often used as vectors in genetic
engineering experiments
Vector – agent used to carry a DNA
fragment isolated from one cell into
another cell.
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Cloning
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Process by which many identical cells may
be produced.
Gene Cloning – process by which a foreign
gene is replicated by insertion into a
bacterium
Cloning – process of allowing cells to
reproduce in order to obtain a large number
of identical cells
Large number of genetically identical
organisms produces a new DNA segment are
called - CLONES
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