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SBI4U Application Project – Unit 1 Enzyme Applications in Industry In this activity, you will use your knowledge of cell processes and research to understand the applications of enzyme function to the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. Overall Expectations: SIV.01 demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating); BCV.01 analyse technological applications of enzymes in some industrial processes, and evaluate technological advances in the field of cellular biology. Specific Expectations: SI1.11 communicate ideas, plans, procedures, results, and conclusions orally, in writing, and/or in electronic presentations, using appropriate language and a variety of formats (e.g., data tables, laboratory reports, presentations, debates, simulations, models); BC1.01 analyse technological applications related to enzyme activity in the food and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., the production of dairy products; breadmaking; the use of enzymes to control reaction rates in pharmaceuticals) [AI, C]; Enzyme Applications in Industry In this assignment you will research the application of enzymes in industry. Choose from one of the topics below and write an approximately 750 word report paper on the use of the enzyme to enhance the industry. Upload your report to www.turnitin.com when finished. Explain in detail the enzymes involved, the reactions catalyzed, and the improvement in the end product. Discuss why they are being used – more efficient, higher yields, less waste? What was used before enzymes, if anything? Discuss the risks, especially to living systems and to the environment. Discuss the impact of the process on society. The end of your paper should include your opinion or concerns on this bio-application. Provide proper in-text citations (using the Harvard method) and an APA list of sources. Topics 1. Enzymes have been used in the dairy industry for years, in particular for the process of making cheese through milk coagulation. 2. A large industrial user of enzymes is the starch processing industry. Enzymes are used to convert starches into glucose syrups. These syrups are used as sweeteners in foods and candy. 3. The dairy industry uses enzymes to breakdown lactose in milk, especially for those who suffer from lactose intolerance. 4. Lipases are also used in making cheese. 5. Enzymes are now used in the cleaning industry to remove stains. Their action allows clothes with tough stains to be cleaned at lower temperatures. 6. Enzymes have been used in the leather industry for years to soften hides and clean them. 7. The pulp and paper industry uses enzymes to enhance bleaching and “de-ink” pulp. 8. The textile industry uses enzymes in stone washing and the softening of cotton. 9. Enzymes are used to convert starch into sugar so yeast cells can product ethanol. 10. Enzymes are used as meat tenderizers. 11. Enzymes are now used to make drugs and control reaction rates in pharmaceutical reactions. 12. Enzymes are used as pharmaceutical supplements to treat digestive system disorders such as celiac disease and lactose intolerance. 13. Enzymes as food supplements to promote health. Resources The following resources plus the internet may be used to complete the above assignments. 1. Enzymes in Dairy 2. Microbes & Dairy 3. Bread & Enzymes 4. Enzymes and Drugs (http://www.tkk.fi/Units/BioprocessEngineering/Kem70.460_2004/Protein_Farma.pdf) – cut and paste this into your browser 5. Enzymes & Digestive Disorders 6. Enzymes & Supplements 7. Enzymes & Nutrition Also, look on the Useful Websites page of the class wiki for a list of other sources for scientific papers of excellent quality. Rubric Enzyme Applications in Industry Assignment Rubric Categories Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 (50 - 59%) (60 - 69%) (70 - 79%) (80 - 100%) Thinking and Inquiry -select, organize, and record relevant information on research topics from a variety of appropriate sources, including electronic, print, and/or human sources SI1.7 -selects few appropriate sources, all are electronic -selects some appropriate sources, all are electronic -selects several appropriate sources from a variety of sources -selects many appropriate sources from a variety of sources Thinking and Inquiry -provides accepted form of academic documentation SI1.7 -demonstrates limited ability to provide academic documentation in the accepted form -demonstrates some ability to provide academic documentation in the accepted form -demonstrates considerable ability to provide academic documentation in the accepted form -demonstrates exceptional ability to provide academic documentation in the accepted form Communication -effectively communicates ideas and uses conventions of writing (reporting) SI1.11 -communicates with limited clarity and effectiveness -communicates with some clarity and effectiveness -communicates with considerable clarity and effectiveness -communicates with a high degree of clarity and effectiveness Application -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes in relation to the industry SI1.09, BC1.01 -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes in relation to the industry with limited success -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes in relation to the industry with some success -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes in relation to the industry with considerable success -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes in relation to the industry with a high degree of success Application -demonstrates understanding of the importance of enzymes on Canadian society BC1.01 -understanding shows limited insight -understanding shows some insight -understanding shows considerable insight -understanding shows la high degree of insight