* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Specialized pro-resolving mediators wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Butyric acid wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Bell work • Clear your desk in preparation for a photosynthesis quiz. Questions • What do you know about cellular respiration? • What do you know about how it relates to photosynthesis? Ch 7 Cellular Respiration Explain cellular respiration and its three stages: glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Know where each stage of cellular respiration takes place. Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration and identify the reactants and products. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the two main types of fermentation? Cellular Respiration • process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules • Aerobic respiration • requires oxygen • takes place in the mitochondria • converts sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy [ATP] • three sets of chemical reactions – glycolysis – Kreb’s cycle – electron transport chain • Answer the following question • A student sets up a sealed ecosystem containing a snail (a consumer) and an elodea (a producer). The balance of gases in the ecosystem remains stable over a period of several days. The student concludes that the gas output of the snail equals the gas intake of the elodea and that the gas input of the snail equals the gas output of the elodea. Which finding would suggest that the student’s conclusion must be re-evaluated due to another consumer accidentally being included in the ecosystem? A) Oxygen content of air in the ecosystem rises when the snail is removed. B) Oxygen content of air in the ecosystem falls when the elodea is removed. C) Carbon dioxide content of air in the ecosystem shows little change when the snail is removed. D) Carbon dioxide content of air in the ecosystem shows little change when the elodea is removed. Chemical Equation C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water + energy Glycolysis • process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid • takes place in cytosol of cytoplasm • does not require oxygen • converts glucose, ADP, and NAD+ • to pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH • net production of ATP: 2 ATP Glycolysis.mov Kreb’s Cycle • second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energyextracting reactions • takes place in matrix of mitochondrion • converts pyruvic acid, NAD+, FAD+, and ADP • to CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP • net production of ATP: 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain • high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP • takes place at inner membrane of the mitochondrion • converts O2, NADH, FADH2 and ADP • to H2O, NAD+, FAD+, ATP • net production of ATP: 32 ATP Electron Transport Chain • Glycolysis Cellular Respiration – 2 ATP • Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain – 32 ATP Total: 36 ATP Review and Extend Standards ● ● SPI 3210.3.3 Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation. SPI 3210.3.2 Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Find a Partner Overview of Aerobic Respiration ● Two Main Parts: ● ● Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) – uses pyruvate Electron Transport Chain – uses NADH With your partner Draw a mitochondria and label the parts. Mitochondria Cristae: Folds of the inner membrane where the ETC takes place. Matrix: Fluid inside the inner membrane that contains many enzymes that facilitate the Krebs cycle. Aerobic Respiration - Step 1 Pyruvate/ Pyruvic Acid Diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix where it becomes Acetyl CoA. Products: NADH for ETC CO2 diffuses out of cell With your partner: Dogs - summarize Step 1 for your partner. Step 2 : Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) Acetyl CoA moves into the citric acid cycle and produces NADH and FADH2 for the ETC. With your partner: Horses - Summarize the Krebs Cycle for your partner. Step 3 - Electron Transport Chain (ETC) NADH, FADH, & Oxygen are used to create a concentration gradient that makes ATP and water. Overview With your Partner Using these products and reactants create a chemical equation for cell respiration: Glucose, oxygen , carbon dioxide , ATP, water ● Anaerobic Respiration Overview of Cell Respiration Glucose Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Pyruvate Fermentation Latic Acid Alcohol Glycolysis ● Reactants: Glucose, 2 ATP, NAD+ ● Products: Pyruvate – moves to Kreb Cycle H2O – becomes part of cytoplasm 4 ATP – used by cell NADH – moves to electron transport chain Pyruvate quickly becomes Pyruvic Acid!! Pause & Think ● Determine what all of these might have in common. Fermentation ● Two types of fermentation: ● Lactic Acid fermentation: Performed by human muscle cells and some microorganisms to turn pyruvic acid into lactic acid - used to make cheeses, yogurt, sour cream. ● Alcohol fermentation: Performed by some microorganisms to turn pyruvic acid into alcohol – used to make intoxicating beverages. Anaerobic Respiration • process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen • also known as fermentation • begins with Glycolysis • Two types of fermentation – lactic acid fermentation • animal muscles • pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+ – alcoholic fermentation • Yeasts and a few other microorganisms • forms ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes. • pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Cellular respiration Fermentation requires O2 no O2 required 36 ATP 2 ATP Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation or Alcoholic fermentation