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Biology 3º ESO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Give 3 examples of Receptors: Give 3 examples of Effectors What is a nerve? Fill in the gaps ● The junction between two neurons is called a ________________, it forms a physical ______ between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons ● An action potential (__________signal) cannot cross the synaptic gap, so it triggers the release of chemicals (______________) to continue the signal What are the neurotransmitters? How is the nerve impulse transmitted in the synapse? Name the two structures which make up the central nervous system. Complete this outline of the nervous system substituting the numbers for words. 9. Complete the table, indicating the functions carried out by the components of the central nervous system. 10. (a) The nerve fibres which carry impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system are called ….. ….. fibres. (b) The nerve fibres which carry impulses from the central nervous system to the glands and muscles are called …… ….. fibres. 11. Complete the passage below, selecting the appropriate words from the list below. A neurone (nerve cell) consists of a ….. A ….. containing a nucleus surrounded by ….. B ….. Branching filaments, called ….. C ….., extend from the cell surface and make ….. D ….., with other neurones. In ….. E ….. and ….. F ….. neurones, one of the filaments is very long and is called ,,,,, G ….. BILINGUAL PROGRAMME Biology 3º ESO sensory, nerve fibre, cell body, impulses, dendrons, dendrites, motor, contact, axons, synapses, cytoplasm 12. A transverse section through the spinal cord is examined under the high power of the microscope. Part of it looks like diagram A and part looks like diagram B. Which is grey matter and which is white matter? Give reasons for your decision 13. In the table below, enter some general points of contrast between the nervous and endocrine system. Nervous system Endocrine system Speed of conduction Route of conduction Area affected Duration of response 14. Complete the following sentences about the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system sends the information in the form of ………………. … through cells called …………………… . The endocrine system sends the information through ……......................…… which travel around the. ……....................…… . Hormones Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work. For example, insulin is a hormone that's made by the beta cells in the pancreas. When it's released into the blood, insulin helps regulate how the cells of the body use glucose (a type of sugar) for energy. Thyroid and Thyroid Disease The thyroid is a small gland located below the skin and muscles at the front of the neck. It's brownish red, with left and right halves (called lobes). It usually weighs less than an ounce. As small as it is, though, the thyroid has an enormously important job to do, especially for teens. It manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth. To do its job, the thyroid needs a chemical element called iodine that the body absorbs from the foods you eat and the water you drink. Thyroid hormones are released from the gland and travel through the bloodstream to your body's cells. They help control the growth and the structure of bones, sexual development (puberty), and many other body functions What Is Thyroid Disease? Thyroid disease occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't supply the proper amount of hormones needed by the body. If the thyroid is overactive, it releases too much thyroid hormone into the bloodstream, resulting in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism causes the body to use up energy more quickly than it should, and chemical activity (like metabolism) in the cells speeds up. BILINGUAL PROGRAMME Biology 3º ESO An underactive thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, resulting in hypothyroidism. When the amount of hormone released into the bloodstream is below normal, the body uses up energy more slowly, and chemical activity (metabolism) in the cells slows down. 15. Answer the questions with True or False. Rewrite them if they are false: 1. Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules only in the brain. 2. Hormones travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work. 3. Insulin is a hormone that's made by the beta cells in the liver. 4. The thyroid is a small gland located below the skin and muscles at the front of the brain. 5. The thyroid manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth. 6. The Thyroid needs iodine to do its job properly. 7. Thyroid disease occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't supply the proper amount of hormones needed by the body. 8. If the thyroid is overactive, it releases too much thyroid hormone into the bloodstream, resulting in hypothyroidism. 9. An underactive thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism. 10. Always eat a healthy and balanced diet to help keep your thyroid healthy! 16. Which one of the following statements about adrenaline is correct? (a) It increases heart rate and increases release of glucose from the liver. (b) It increases heart rate and reduces release of glucose from the liver. (c) It reduces heart rate and increases release of glucose from the liver. (d) It reduces heart rate and reduces release of glucose from the liver. 17. Name the two hormones produced by the pancreas and say (a) in what circumstances, (b) in what way, they adjust the glucose concentration in the blood. Name the hormones produced by (a) the testes, (b) the ovaries. 18. (a) Name the condition and (b) describe the effects of the failure of the pancreas to produce sufficient-insulin. (c) How is this condition treated? . 19. What is Pituitary dwarfism? 20. And goiter? 21. What can we do to help maintain a healthy and well functioning nervous system? List 3 examples. BILINGUAL PROGRAMME