Download CONTROL 1 1ª EVALUACIÓN

Biology 3º ESO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Give 3 examples of Receptors:
Give 3 examples of Effectors
What is a nerve?
Fill in the gaps
● The junction between two neurons is called a ________________, it forms a physical
______ between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons
● An action potential (__________signal) cannot cross the synaptic gap, so it triggers the
release of chemicals (______________) to continue the signal
What are the neurotransmitters?
How is the nerve impulse transmitted in the synapse?
Name the two structures which make up the central nervous system.
Complete this outline of the nervous system substituting the numbers for words.
9. Complete the table, indicating the functions carried out by the components of the
central nervous system.
10. (a) The nerve fibres which carry impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous
system are called ….. ….. fibres.
(b) The nerve fibres which carry impulses from the central nervous system to the glands and
muscles are called …… ….. fibres.
11. Complete the passage below, selecting the appropriate words from the list below.
A neurone (nerve cell) consists of a ….. A ….. containing a nucleus surrounded by
….. B ….. Branching filaments, called ….. C ….., extend from the cell surface and make …..
D ….., with other neurones. In ….. E ….. and ….. F ….. neurones, one of the filaments is very
long and is called ,,,,, G …..
BILINGUAL PROGRAMME
Biology 3º ESO
sensory, nerve fibre, cell body, impulses, dendrons, dendrites, motor, contact, axons,
synapses, cytoplasm
12.
A transverse section through the spinal
cord is examined under the high power of
the microscope. Part of it looks like diagram
A and part looks like diagram B. Which is
grey matter and which is white matter?
Give reasons for your decision
13. In the table below, enter some general points of contrast between the nervous and
endocrine system.
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Speed of conduction
Route of conduction
Area affected
Duration of response
14. Complete the following sentences about the differences between the nervous system
and the endocrine system.
The nervous system sends the information in the form of ………………. …
through cells called …………………… .
The endocrine system sends the information through ……......................…… which
travel around the. ……....................…… .
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being
made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how
cells and organs do their work. For example, insulin is a hormone that's made by the beta cells
in the pancreas. When it's released into the blood, insulin helps regulate how the cells of the
body use glucose (a type of sugar) for energy.
Thyroid and Thyroid Disease
The thyroid is a small gland located below the skin and muscles at the front of the neck. It's
brownish red, with left and right halves (called lobes). It usually weighs less than an ounce. As
small as it is, though, the thyroid has an enormously important job to do, especially for teens. It
manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth. To do its job, the thyroid
needs a chemical element called iodine that the body absorbs from the foods you eat and the
water you drink. Thyroid hormones are released from the gland and travel through the
bloodstream to your body's cells. They help control the growth and the structure of bones,
sexual development (puberty), and many other body functions
What Is Thyroid Disease?
Thyroid disease occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't supply the proper amount of hormones
needed by the body. If the thyroid is overactive, it releases too much thyroid hormone into the
bloodstream, resulting in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism causes the body to use up energy
more quickly than it should, and chemical activity (like metabolism) in the cells speeds up.
BILINGUAL PROGRAMME
Biology 3º ESO
An underactive thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, resulting in hypothyroidism. When
the amount of hormone released into the bloodstream is below normal, the body uses up
energy more slowly, and chemical activity (metabolism) in the cells slows down.
15. Answer the questions with True or False. Rewrite them if they are false:
1. Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules only in the brain.
2. Hormones travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do
their work.
3. Insulin is a hormone that's made by the beta cells in the liver.
4. The thyroid is a small gland located below the skin and muscles at the front of the brain.
5. The thyroid manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth.
6. The Thyroid needs iodine to do its job properly.
7. Thyroid disease occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't supply the proper amount of
hormones needed by the body.
8. If the thyroid is overactive, it releases too much thyroid hormone into the bloodstream,
resulting in hypothyroidism.
9. An underactive thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism.
10. Always eat a healthy and balanced diet to help keep your thyroid healthy!
16. Which one of the following statements about adrenaline is correct?
(a) It increases heart rate and increases release of glucose from the liver.
(b) It increases heart rate and reduces release of glucose from the liver.
(c) It reduces heart rate and increases release of glucose from the liver.
(d) It reduces heart rate and reduces release of glucose from the liver.
17. Name the two hormones produced by the pancreas and say (a) in what
circumstances, (b) in what way, they adjust the glucose concentration in the blood.
Name the hormones produced by (a) the testes, (b) the ovaries.
18. (a) Name the condition and
(b) describe the effects of the failure of the pancreas to produce sufficient-insulin.
(c) How is this condition treated? .
19. What is Pituitary dwarfism?
20. And goiter?
21. What can we do to help maintain a healthy and well functioning nervous system? List 3
examples.
BILINGUAL PROGRAMME