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DNA and RNA Notes Discovery of DNA _____________ - pneumonia causing bacteria and mice. (Determined…) _____________ - process of one bacteria changing its DNA from the addition of another. Avery- DNA is the nucleic acid that ___________ and __________ genetic information from one generation to the next. Hershey-Chase - _____________ (a virus that kills bacteria) The Types of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (______) ________ helix contain ___ ____ ___ ___ Ribonucleic Acid (_____) ________ strand Contains ___ ___ ___ ___ What is a Nucleotide? The basic building blocks of nucleic acids: ________ = Deoxyribose Sugar or Ribose Sugar Base = _______, _______, _______, _______ or _________ ________ = PO4 Different Types of Nucleotides __________ A G ___________ C T Nucleotide Combinations Nucleotides combine to form DNA and RNA. Adenine always combines with _________or _______: A-___ or ____ Cytosine always combines with _________: C-___ The ________ and __________ molecules remain the same. DNA and Chromosomes _____________ - circular DNA (4.6 million base pairs = 1.6 mm) _____________- DNA wraps around _________ (proteins), to make a nucleosome. ______________ coil together to make___________. __________ “supercoils” to make a _______________. Label the pictures below. Which is a prokaryote, and which is a eukaryote? ___________ ______________ Practice Complete the missing DNA strand by adding the complementary bases. ATCGTTGCCATC ______________________ Do the same for the RNA below. AATCATCACGTT ______________________ DNA What is the Main Job of DNA? It contains the ____________________ an organism may produce. What are the basic units of DNA? __________________ make up DNA. Where is DNA found? It is found mostly in the __________ of a cell making up its chromosomes. Replication of DNA Why does DNA replicate itself? DNA must make an exact copy of itself in order to pass on its _____________ to the _______________that is produced. The process of replication contains 4 steps. Title each step below: DNA Replication _________________ help replication occur. (________, add _________, ___________) - Main Enzyme in Replication. Attaches _____________ to make complementary strand. to guarantee perfect copy. How does it know where to begin? _____________________ What process is DNA replication used in? __________________ Label the below picture of DNA replication. RNA Is made of _____________. Contains _____________ sugar Replaces Thymine with the base _____________. Is a __________stranded molecule. Contains 3 types of molecules: ________, _________, and _________. Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G Label the picture, including the legend. m-RNA ____________ RNA __________ the code for a protein from DNA. This is called ___________ It will take this code to the _____________ where the ______________ will be made. The molecule of m-RNA is divided into smaller units called ____________. Each codon is a ___________ sequence coding for one _____________. The codon wheel is used to determine amino acids from codons. What is a Codon? A codon is a __________ section of an __________ molecule that contains the code for one ________________. These codes will be translated on the __________ as the _____________ is made. t-RNA _____________RNA will carry the specific _______________ to the ___________. Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon. There is ____________ t-RNA for each _______________. Since they are attach the ____________ they are also called _________________. Label the pictures below illustrating Translation: r-RNA r-RNA is found making up the ______________ of the cell. It is found in high concentration in the __________ of the cell’s _________. Mutations A. B. Gene Mutations – 3 types _______ _______ ________ Chromosomal Mutations: 4 types ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________