Download DNA and RNA Notes

DNA and RNA Notes
Discovery of DNA
 _____________ - pneumonia causing bacteria and mice. (Determined…)
 _____________ - process of one bacteria changing its DNA from the addition of another.
 Avery- DNA is the nucleic acid that ___________ and __________ genetic information
from one generation to the next.
 Hershey-Chase - _____________ (a virus that kills bacteria)
The Types of Nucleic Acids
 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (______)
________ helix
 contain ___ ____ ___ ___
 Ribonucleic Acid (_____)
 ________ strand
 Contains ___ ___ ___ ___
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What is a Nucleotide?
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids:
________ = Deoxyribose Sugar or Ribose Sugar
Base = _______, _______, _______, _______ or _________
________ = PO4
Different Types of Nucleotides
__________
A
G
___________
C
T
Nucleotide Combinations
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Nucleotides combine to form DNA and RNA.
Adenine always combines with _________or _______: A-___ or ____
Cytosine always combines with _________: C-___
The ________ and __________ molecules remain the same.
DNA and Chromosomes
 _____________ - circular DNA (4.6 million base pairs = 1.6 mm)
 _____________- DNA wraps around _________ (proteins), to make a nucleosome.
______________ coil together to make___________. __________ “supercoils” to make
a _______________.
Label the pictures below. Which is a prokaryote, and which is a eukaryote?
___________
______________
Practice
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Complete the missing DNA strand by adding the complementary bases.
ATCGTTGCCATC
______________________
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Do the same for the RNA below.
AATCATCACGTT
______________________
DNA
 What is the Main Job of DNA?
 It contains the ____________________ an organism may produce.
 What are the basic units of DNA?
 __________________ make up DNA.
 Where is DNA found?
 It is found mostly in the __________ of a cell making up its
chromosomes.
Replication of DNA
 Why does DNA replicate itself?
 DNA must make an exact copy of itself in order to pass on its _____________ to the
_______________that is produced.
 The process of replication contains 4 steps. Title each step below:
DNA Replication
 _________________ help replication occur. (________, add _________, ___________)

- Main Enzyme in Replication. Attaches _____________ to make
complementary strand.
to guarantee perfect copy.
 How does it know where to begin? _____________________
 What process is DNA replication used in? __________________
Label the below picture of DNA replication.
RNA
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Is made of _____________.
Contains _____________ sugar
Replaces Thymine with the base _____________.
Is a __________stranded molecule.
Contains 3 types of molecules: ________, _________, and _________.
Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G
Label the picture, including the legend.
m-RNA
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____________ RNA __________ the code for a protein from DNA.
This is called ___________
It will take this code to the _____________ where the ______________ will be made.
The molecule of m-RNA is divided into smaller units called ____________.
Each codon is a ___________ sequence coding for one _____________.
The codon wheel is used to determine amino acids from codons.
What is a Codon?
 A codon is a __________ section of an __________ molecule that contains the code for
one ________________.
 These codes will be translated on the __________ as the _____________ is made.
t-RNA
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_____________RNA will carry the specific _______________ to the ___________.
Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon.
There is ____________ t-RNA for each _______________.
Since they are attach the ____________ they are also called _________________.
Label the pictures below illustrating Translation:
r-RNA
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r-RNA is found making up the ______________ of the cell.
It is found in high concentration in the __________ of the cell’s _________.
Mutations
A.
B.
Gene Mutations – 3 types
_______
_______
________
Chromosomal Mutations: 4 types
______________
______________
______________
______________