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CELL NOTES
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I. Intro to cells
A. Discovery of the cell
1. We could not have discovered the cell without the invention of the
__________________________ in the 17th century
2. Robert ____________ (1635-1703) used a microscope to examine cork,
trees carrots, and ferns. He compared them to rooms monks live in: cells.
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe __________ cells.
4. The Cell Theory has three parts:
a. All _____________ things are composed of one or more cells
b. Cells are the basic unit of _______________ and ____________
of all living organisms
c. Cells come from other _______
B. Cell Diversity
1. Size & Shape
a. a __________ cell can extend all the ways down a giraffe’s leg.
b. Most cells are not visible without a ___________________
c. cells have a variety of shapes
d. Nerve cells have long extensions, skin cells are ________, and
white blood cells can ____________ their shape
2. Internal Organization
a. Cells contain ___________ that can be compared to our organs.
b. _____ cells have a cell membrane and genetic information called
_______ (compacted called chromosomes)
C. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
a. Prokaryotic cells: have a ________________ and DNA, but no
______________ or ________________. EXAMPLE: Bacteria
b. Eukaryotic cells: have a _______________, DNA, and
____________________. EXAMPLE: plant and animal cells.
II. Organelles of Eukaryotes (plants & animals)
A. ______ ________________: surrounds and protects the cell and selectively
allows nutrients in and waste out (present in prokaryotes also)
B. ___________: stores hereditary information called DNA.
C. ___________: transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP (energy)
D. ___________: organize the synthesis of proteins
E. ___________ ______________: prepares proteins for export
F. ___________ _____________ : processes and packages substances
produced by the cell
G. ___________: digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances
H. ___________: short hair-like structures on the outside of the cell present in
large numbers that assist in movement. Example: in respiratory system to keep
out foreign particles
I. ___________: long hair-like structures that whip back and forth to propel the
cell forward. Example: sperm cell
II. Organelles of plant cells only
J. _____ ______: supports and protects plant cells only
K. ___________: use energy from the sun and convert it into energy for the cell.
Only found in plant cells.
L. ___________: store enzymes and metabolic waste