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Transcript
Name ________________________________________ What is a cell? Period _____________ A View of the Cell Chapter 7 _____________ are the basic units of living things. Plants, animals, people, and bacteria are made of _____________. The smallest cells are bacteria called _____________. The largest cells are _____________. The longest cells are _____________ and _____________ cells. Microscopes Scientists use _____________ __________microscopes to look at cells. These magnify objects up to _____________ times. Used to see plant and animal cells, and _____________ Larger microscopes, called _____________ microscopes, were invented in the 1940s Used to magnify up to _____________ times _____________ _____________ microscopes (SEM): scan cell surfaces _____________ _____________ microscopes (TEM): study structures inside cells The Cell Theory: 3 Main Ideas Developed in the _____________ 1. All _____________ are made of _____________. 2. The _____________ is the basic unit of _____________ of organisms. 3. All _____________ come from _____________ cells. 2 main types of cells _____________ Bacteria _____________ Plants animals Prokaryotes Have no membrane bound _____________ Name ________________________________________ Period _____________ Has a _____________ region- coiled _____________ Has _____________ that make _____________ Have no internal membrane-bound structures (_____________) Very _____________ Very _____________ Eukaryotes Have a _____________ Have membrane-bound structures called _____________ Are _____________ Are more _____________ Include algae, yeast, _____________, _____________, _____________ The Plasma Membrane The _____________ membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment It is made of 2 layers of _____________, called a _____________ _____________ heads face out, _____________ tails face in Function of the plasma membrane It _____________ what enters and exits the cells, it is _____________ _____________ _____________ enter, _____________ leave _____________, or balance, is maintained Fluid Mosaic The model of the plasma membrane is called the _____________ _____________ model. It is _____________ because the membrane is _____________. It is a _____________ because it is made of phospholipids with _____________, cholesterol and _____________ embedded in it. Fluid Mosaic _____________ in the cell membrane is used to stabilize the membrane and keep phospholipids from sticking together. _____________ on the surface help cells recognize each other. _____________ in the membrane are used for transporting molecules Name ________________________________________ Period _____________ through the lipids. Cytoplasm _____________ is the clear, gelatinous _____________ found inside a cell It holds and supports all the _____________ Nucleus The _____________ is an organelle in eukaryotic cells It is surrounded by a double _____________ It holds our _____________, found on _____________ “__________________________” of the cell It is the largest _____________ CHROMOSOMES • • • • Shape- strand like, X structure Size- Very _____________ Made of- _____________ _____________ Function- An organized way to hold DNA together, carries _____________ for the cell • Location- In the _____________ RIBOSOMES _____________ are made by the _____________ (located attached to the nucleus) Ribosomes produce _____________ SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • • Aka _____________ ER (SER) Function- Synthesizes _____________, including fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. It also regulates the amount of _____________ released into the bloodstream ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • • _____________ ER (RER) • Function- Has _____________ attached to the outside giving it a rough appearance 1. to make more _____________ 2. to make _____________ that are secreted by the cell Name ________________________________________ Period _____________ GOLGI APPARATUS- GOLGI BODY - Named after Italian Biologist Camillo Golgi - Shape- a series of _____________ sacs that looks like _____________ bread Function- serves as a molecular _____________ and _____________ factory. It _____________ and _____________ substances manufactured by the Endoplasmic Reticulum. VESICLE Shape- _____________ Very _____________ It is made up of _____________ It functions as a _____________ vehicle for the cell It transports _____________ from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane so they can exit the cell LYSOSOME Small and Round membranous sac filled with _____________ enzymes Function- the lysosome _____________ food vacuoles and damaged organelles, also helps _____________ harmful bacteria Only in _____________ cells MITOCHONDRIA • Membrane bound organelles in _____________ and _____________ cells that make _____________ • _____________ from food is converted to _____________, the energy molecule used by our cells • • “__________________________” of the cell Has a highly folded inner _____________ CYTOSKELETON The _____________ is a support structure in the cell It helps a cell maintain _____________ _____________ are thin, hollow cylinders made of protein _____________ are thin, solid protein fibers _____________ are short, numerous, hair like projections that move a Name ________________________________________ Period _____________ cell with a wave like motion _____________ are longer projections that move a cell with a whip like motion CELL WALL Thick wall ONLY in _____________ cells Made of _____________, used to give structure to cell walls It _____________ and _____________ plant cells The cell wall goes _____________ the cell membrane VACUOLE • • • Found only in _____________ cells Used for temporary _____________ Store _____________, _____________, _____________, and _____________ CHLOROPLAST Only in _____________ cells Capture _____________ energy and produce _____________ and _____________ Contain a _____________ pigment called _____________ to trap light energy Animal Cells and Plant Cells _____________ cells, in general, are _____________ than plant cells and have a cell _____________ but no cell _____________. _____________ cells, in general, are _____________ than animal cells, are _____________ or rectangular shaped, and have a large _____________, a cell _____________, and _____________.
