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Name Date Class Advances in Genetics Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What are two types of selective breeding and how do they compare? 2. What is cloning? 3. How are bacteria used in genetic engineering? 4. How could gene therapy someday be used to treat genetic disorders? Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column. 5. ___ biotechnology a. the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation 6. ___ inbreeding b. crossing two individuals that have similar desirable characteristics 7. ___ clone c. crossing two genetically different individuals 8. ___ gene therapy d. organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced 9. ___ selective breeding e. process by which genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism 10. ___ hybridization 11. ___ genetic engineering f. process of inserting copies of a gene directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder g. application of a technological process to living organisms Name Date Class Advances in Genetics Read the passage and study the diagrams. Then use a separate sheet of paper to answer the questions that follow. A Closer Look at Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis In people with cystic fibrosis, a protein called CFTR is absent from cells in the lungs. Without this protein, mucus builds up in the lungs and causes many of the symptoms of the disease. Gene therapy experiments were developed to attempt to treat cystic fibrosis. The process, which is illustrated in the figure below, involved genetically engineering a cold virus so that it could produce the CTFR protein. The virus was then delivered to the patient’s lungs through a tube inserted through the mouth or nose. 1. What role does CFTR play in the body? 2. Why is it necessary for the viral DNA to enter the cell’s nucleus before it can do its job? 3. Where in the treated cells is CFTR actually produced? 4. The cold viruses used in gene therapy for cystic fibrosis are genetically engineered so they cannot reproduce, and thus cannot cause a viral infection in the patient. Because of this, the therapy does not lead to a permanent cure for cystic fibrosis. Explain why this is the case.