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NAME ______________________________ PER _______________ DNA TECHNOLOGY TEST – REVIEW SHEET FORMAT OF TEST: 31 M/C 17 Short Answer 2 Bonus 50 POINTS TOTAL (54 Possible) Question 1. These cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences 2. This technique separates DNA fragments by size 3. During #2, the DNA moves towards which pole 4. During #2, which size DNA moves the fastest/farthest? 5. This sequenced the DNA for every human gene 6. What are the two types of selective breeding? Answer Restriction enzymes Gel electrophoresis Positive Smallest 7. Which answer from #6 involves combining the best characteristics from two organisms? 8. Which answer from #6 can potentially lead to a genetic defect by bringing together recessive alleles? 9. Plants that have been changed by chemicals to have more chromosomes than they normally contain 10. Process of giving a bacterial cell a new gene, perhaps for antibiotic resistance (Actually, giving any cell a new gene) 11. Part of the bacteria that is useful for inserting foreign DNA 12. Sometimes restriction enzymes make cuts that are “jagged” (have single stranded overhangs) what are these called? 13. What enzyme “glues” pieces of DNA together? 14. DNA that has nucleotides from two different sources. 15. An organism whose DNA came from a single cell of an adult organism 16. This technique is used to create transgenic organisms 17. What kind of transgenic organisms can be used to create large amounts of human proteins? Hybridization Human Genome Project Hybridization & Inbreeding Inbreeding Polyploid transformation Plasmid “Sticky ends” DNA Ligase Recombinant Clone Genetic engineering Bacteria 18. List the steps of cloning a gene (thus mass producing proteins) in a bacterial cell 1) Isolate DNA from two sources (bacterial + human for instance) 2) cut both DNA samples with same restriction enzymes (creating sticky ends) 3) Glue DNA from the two sources together (creating recombinant DNA plasmid) 4) Insert recombined DNA into bacterial cells 5) Let bacteria replicate, and when they do, they make new copies of the recombined DNA and can begin to express the gene product (proteins like insulin or human growth hormone) 19. List some advantages of producing transgenic plants Increasing food supply, producing pestresistant crops, producing crops resistant to herbicides 20. How can a genetically engineered virus be used to treat a human genetic disease? “Bad” virus genes are removed and replaced with genes that a patient needs. Virus infects human therefore delivering the needed genes. Gene therapy 21. What is this treatment (#20) called? 22. How do you know that this treatment (#21) is successful? If the new, replaced gene is expressed in the patients cells 23. Process by which parents can determine that they are carrying an allele for a disorder (ie – Cystic Fibrosis or Huntington’s) 24. What is a DNA fingerprint? Genetic testing 25. Why is DNA fingerprinting useful? Since no two people’s DNA fingerprints are exactly the same (except for identical twins) they can be used in criminal investigations or paternity disputes. Picture of DNA fragments created by 1)cutting up with restriction enzymes & 2) running in a gel electrophoresis chamber DNA FINGERPRINTING – Study the two sets of DNA Fingerprints in order to answer the question that follows Mother ----- Father Child 1 ----- --------- Child 2 Child 3 ----- --------- ----- ----- ------------- ----- ----- ----- --------a. Is child 1 genetically related to both the mother and the father in question? If not, is the child genetically related to either parent? Explain how you know.