Download DNA FINGERPRINTING

NAME ______________________________ PER _______________
DNA TECHNOLOGY TEST – REVIEW SHEET
FORMAT OF TEST:
 31 M/C
 17 Short Answer
 2 Bonus
50 POINTS TOTAL (54
Possible)
Question
1. These cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
2. This technique separates DNA fragments by size
3. During #2, the DNA moves towards which pole
4. During #2, which size DNA moves the
fastest/farthest?
5. This sequenced the DNA for every human gene
6. What are the two types of selective breeding?
Answer
Restriction enzymes
Gel electrophoresis
Positive
Smallest
7. Which answer from #6 involves combining the
best characteristics from two organisms?
8. Which answer from #6 can potentially lead to a
genetic defect by bringing together recessive
alleles?
9. Plants that have been changed by chemicals to
have more chromosomes than they normally
contain
10. Process of giving a bacterial cell a new gene,
perhaps for antibiotic resistance
(Actually, giving any cell a new gene)
11. Part of the bacteria that is useful for inserting
foreign DNA
12. Sometimes restriction enzymes make cuts that
are “jagged” (have single stranded overhangs) what
are these called?
13. What enzyme “glues” pieces of DNA together?
14. DNA that has nucleotides from two different
sources.
15. An organism whose DNA came from a single cell
of an adult organism
16. This technique is used to create transgenic
organisms
17. What kind of transgenic organisms can be used
to create large amounts of human proteins?
Hybridization
Human Genome Project
Hybridization & Inbreeding
Inbreeding
Polyploid
transformation
Plasmid
“Sticky ends”
DNA Ligase
Recombinant
Clone
Genetic engineering
Bacteria
18. List the steps of cloning a gene (thus mass
producing proteins) in a bacterial cell
1) Isolate DNA from two sources
(bacterial + human for instance)
2) cut both DNA samples with same
restriction enzymes (creating sticky
ends)
3) Glue DNA from the two sources
together (creating recombinant DNA
plasmid)
4) Insert recombined DNA into bacterial
cells
5) Let bacteria replicate, and when they
do, they make new copies of the
recombined DNA and can begin to
express the gene product (proteins like
insulin or human growth hormone)
19. List some advantages of producing transgenic
plants
Increasing food supply, producing pestresistant crops, producing crops resistant
to herbicides
20. How can a genetically engineered virus be used
to treat a human genetic disease?
“Bad” virus genes are removed and
replaced with genes that a patient
needs. Virus infects human therefore
delivering the needed genes.
Gene therapy
21. What is this treatment (#20) called?
22. How do you know that this treatment (#21) is
successful?
If the new, replaced gene is expressed in
the patients cells
23. Process by which parents can determine that
they are carrying an allele for a disorder (ie – Cystic
Fibrosis or Huntington’s)
24. What is a DNA fingerprint?
Genetic testing
25. Why is DNA fingerprinting useful?
Since no two people’s DNA fingerprints
are exactly the same (except for identical
twins) they can be used in criminal
investigations or paternity disputes.
Picture of DNA fragments created by
1)cutting up with restriction enzymes &
2) running in a gel electrophoresis
chamber
DNA FINGERPRINTING – Study the two sets of DNA Fingerprints in order to answer the question that follows
Mother
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Father
Child 1
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Child 2
Child 3
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--------a.
Is child 1 genetically related to both the mother and the father in question? If not, is the child genetically related to
either parent? Explain how you know.