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Transcript
Which response describes the behaviour of chromosomes in metaphase I and anaphase II of meiosis? Metaphase I Anaphase II A. Chromosomes line up at the equator Separation of homologous chromosomes B. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator Separation of homologous chromosomes C. Chromosomes line up at the equator Separation of sister chromatids D. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator Separation of sister chromatids In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a plant of genotype ssYy, which offspring are recombinants? A. SsYy and Ssyy B. SsYy and ssYy C. SsYy and ssyy D. Ssyy and ssYy What constitutes a linkage group? A. Genes carried on the same chromosome B. Genes whose loci are on different autosomes C. Genes controlling a polygenic characteristic D. Alleles for the inheritance of ABO blood groups Which is not a primary function of protein molecules? A. Hormones B. Energy storage C. Transport D. Structure Consider the metabolic pathway shown below. A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E If there is end-product inhibition, which product (B to E) would inhibit which enzyme (1 to 4)? Product Enzyme A. C 4 B. B 3 C. B 4 D. E 1 Which enzyme removes the RNA primer during replication? A. RNA primase B. DNA polymerase I C. DNA ligase D. Helicase Which two colours of light does chlorophyll absorb most? A. Red and yellow B. Green and blue C. Red and green D. Red and blue Which is not a product of the Krebs cycle? A. CO2 B. NADH + H+ C. Pyruvate D. ATP The allele for red flower colour (R) in a certain plant is co-dominant with the allele for white flowers (R’). Thus a plant with the genotype RR’ has pink flowers. Tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d). What would be the expected phenotypic ratio from a cross of RR’dd plants with R’R’Dd plants? A. 9:3:3:1 B. 50% pink 50% white, and all tall C. 1:1:1:1, in which 50% are tall, 50% dwarf, 50% pink and 50% white D. 3:1 What is the outcome for each of the following processes? Spermatogenesis Oogenesis A. 4 gametes 4 gametes B. 4 gametes 1 gamete and 3 polar bodies C. 2 gametes and 2 polar bodies 2 gametes and 2 polar bodies D. 1 gamete and 3 polar bodies 4 gametes What happens during muscle contraction? A. Both actin and myosin filaments shorten. B. Na+ ions are taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. The actin and myosin filaments slide over each other. D. Cross bridges remain attached to the filaments. Which is not true of active immunity? A. It can be produced by exposure to a disease causing organism. B. It can be produced artificially. C. It can be produced by a virus. D. It can be transferred via the colostrum. Anti-diuretic hormone has its main effect on which part of the nephron? A. Proximal tubule B. Bowman’s capsule C. Loop of Henle D. Collecting duct Which would be an adaptation of xerophytes? A. Large air spaces B. Large numbers of stomata C. Hairs on the leaves D. Reduced roots What is the function of Sertoli cells? A. They nourish sperm. B. They produce testosterone. C. They nourish interstitial cells. D. They form the basement membrane. Where in the kidney does ultrafiltration take place? A. Glomerulus B. Loop of Henlé C. Proximal tubule D. Collecting ducts Which curve shows the response of the immune system to a vaccine, followed by an infection? A. B. Level of antibody Level of antibody Time V Time I V C. I D. Level of antibody Level of antibody Time V I V = Vaccination I = Infection What is required to form a blood clot? I. Platelets II. Clotting factors III. Antibodies IV. Fibrinogen A. I and II only B. I, II and III only C. I, II and IV only D. I, II, III and IV Time V I What accumulates in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion during electron transport? A. ATP B. Electrons C. Protons (hydrogen ions) D. Oxygen The movement of which ion initiates an action potential? A. Calcium B. Magnesium C. Sodium D. Potassium Which structure is responsible for passing messages directly to effector organs? What causes movement of water through the xylem? A. Active transport in the root tissue B. Evaporation of water from leaves C. Active translocation D. Gravity The diagram below shows chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. How many chromosomes and chiasmata are visible? Number of chromosomes Number of chiasmata A. 2 2 B. 4 2 C. 2 4 D. 4 4 Fertilization, pollination and seed dispersal all occur during the reproduction of a flowering plant. In what sequence do these processes occur? A. Seed dispersal B. Fertilization C. Pollination D. Seed dispersal pollination fertilization pollination seed dispersal fertilization seed dispersal fertilization pollination To which parts of the deoxyribose molecule do phosphates bind in DNA? V CH2 OH I O H IV H H H OH II OH III A. I and V C. II and III D. III and V B. III and IV H Which of the following is a correct comparison of the bryophytes and the filicinophytes? Bryophytes Filicinophytes A. Has a waxy cuticle No waxy cuticle B. Has true leaves Has scales C. Has rhizoids Has roots D. Has woody tissue No woody tissue If a person inherited an allele with the same base substitution mutation from both parents, what sequences could be altered from normal in the person’s cells? A. One mRNA base sequence only B. Two mRNA base sequences only C. One mRNA base sequence and one polypeptide amino acid sequence only D. Two mRNA base sequences and two polypeptide amino acid sequences only What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles during ventilation of the lungs? A. Increasing the pressure in the thorax B. Increasing the volume in the thorax C. Increasing the surface area of the alveoli D. Increasing the diameter of the bronchioles What is the advantage of having a small volume inside the thylakoids of the chloroplast? A. A high proton concentration is rapidly developed. B. A high electron concentration is rapidly developed. C. Photosynthetic pigments are highly concentrated. D. Enzymes of the Calvin cycle are highly concentrated. Which of the following correctly describes exocytosis? Plasma membrane increases in size Plasma membrane is pulled inwards Membranes fuse vesicles move away from plasma membrane A. No Yes No Yes B. Yes No Yes No C. No Yes Yes Yes D. No No No Yes