Download 11.1 HL Immune System

TOPIC 11.1 STUDY GUIDE Defense against infectious disease
Instructions: Read Pages: 348 to 361 in your Pink IB Biology Textbook. Then define the below
vocabulary words & address the below learning objectives.
Define the following vocabulary words:
blood clotting
clotting factor
thrombin
fibrogen
fibrous protein
clonal selection
memory cells
active immunity
passive immunity
antigens
helper T cells
B-cells
cardiac isoenzyme
human chorionic
onadotrophin
vaccine
attenuated virus
inactivated toxins
Address the following Learning Objectives:
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11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting .Limit this to the release of clotting factors from
platelets and damaged cells resulting in the formation of thrombin. Thrombin catalyses the
conversion of soluble fibrinogen into the fibrous protein fibrin, which captures blood
cells.
11.1.2 Outline the principle of challenge and response, clonal selection and memory cells as the
basis of immunity. This is intended to be a simple introduction to the complex topic of
immunity. The idea of a polyclonal response can be introduced here.
11.1.3 Define active and passive immunity.
11.1.4 Explain antibody production. Limit the explanation to antigen presentation by macrophages
and activation of helper T-cells lead into activation of B-cells which divide to form
clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells.
11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in
treatment. Detection of antibodies to HIV is one example in diagnosis. Others are
detection of a specific cardiac
11.1.6 Explain the principle of vaccination. Emphasize the role of memory cells. The primary and
secondary responses can be clearly illustrated by a graph. Precise details of all the
types of vaccine (attenuated virus, inactivated toxins, and so on) for specific diseases
are not required.
11.1.7 Discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccine use
1. Blood clotting is an example of a metabolic pathway.
Describe the process of blood clotting.
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Link thought: antibodies are globular proteins produced by lymphocytes. Explain how the final antibody is
produced from the genetic information in the lymphocyte nucleus, to a level of detail appropriate to your level
of study.
2. Briefly describe the principle of polyclonal selection.
3. State the role of memory cells following an infection.
4. Define active and passive immunity.
Active:
Passive:
5. State examples of the following types of immunity.
Active
Natural
Artificial
Passive
Natural
Artificial
6. Explain how antibodies are produced.
Use the following terms: pathogen, phagocyte, epitope (antigen), helper T-cell, B-cell, clone, plasma cell,
antibody.
 Pathogen is ingested by a macrophage.
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7. Explain the principles of vaccination.
 Antigen is introduced to the body
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8. Discuss the benefits and potential dangers of
vaccinations.
Benefits
Eradication of diseases, such as smallpox.
Potential Dangers
Further reading: “The Media’s MMR Hoax” http://www.badscience.net/2008/08/the-medias-mmr-hoax/
In this article, Dr Ben Goldacre debunks the dangerous myth that the MMR vaccine is linked to autism. This
was a case of very poor science reporting by a poor newspaper, based on poor scientific research. The
resulting panic resulted in dropping MMR vaccination uptake rates.
Ethical discussion: What are the ethical considerations of enforced vaccination programmes?