Download Ch 6 Test: Learning

Ch 6 Test: Learning
Directions: The following are a combination of true and false, multiple choice,
matching and short answer. Answer accordingly. There are 50 objective worth 1
pt. Each. Multiple your raw score by 2 to get the percentage.
1. Which kind of learning is concerned with the effect that consequences have on the
learning process?
a. classical conditioning
b. latent learning
c. observational learning
d. operant conditioning
2. Pavlov pioneered a kind of conditioning referred to as
a.
b.
c.
d.
Instrumental Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Consequential Conditioning
Observational Conditioning
3. ------ is more effective in stopping unwanted behaviors than negative reinforcement.
a.
b.
c.
d.
reinforcement
escape conditioning
punishment
avoidance conditioning
4. ------- takes place if a stimulus no longer elicits a conditioned response.
a.
b.
c.
d.
inhibition
extinction
avoidance
spontaneous recovery
5. While ----- schedules of reinforcement are based on the number of responses a subject
must perform, ----- schedules are based on the amount of time that must elapse while
a behavior is being performed before reinforcement is given.
a. interval; ratio
b. ratio; interval
c. ratio; continuous
c. continuous; interval
6. Classical conditioning is learning by association and assumes
a. that behavior can be controlled by attaching old responses to new stimuli.
b. consequences reinforce old behavior
c. people form cognitive maps in new situations
d. only reinforced behavior will be remembered
7. Which of the following represents the historical sequence of learning theorists?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura
Skinner, Bandura, Watson, Pavlov
Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Bandura
Skinner, Pavlov, Watson, Bandura
8. Watson’s experiment with little Albert;
a.
b.
c.
d.
violated today’s accepted standards of psychological research.
left the child with lasting trauma
was the first classical case of conditioning
continued Skiner’s ideas of reinforcement
9. Skinner’s operant conditioning is an extension of Thorndike’s:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Premack Principle
Classical Conditioning
Law of Effect
Escape Syndrome
10. Conditioning psychologists such as Skinner and Pavlov seem to suggest what about
human beings:
a. we are little more than programmed animals
b. we have tremendous control over our environment
c. we have this amazing interior world of cognitive ability
d. we can easily transcend our environmental influences
11. Pavlov pioneered:
a. operant conditioning
b. behavioral learning
c. classical conditioning
d. instrumental conditioning
12. Students get up and change classes at the bell. The bell is:
a. a conditioned stimuli
b. an unconditioned stimuli
c. a response stimuli
d. a reinforced stimuli
13. If a student actually enjoys getting suspended, then this kind of aversive control is
more properly termed:
a. transfer
b. negative reinforcement
c. punishment
d. primary reinforcer
14. Bandura’s research indicates that we are more likely to imitate behavior of models
that are:
a. punished for what they do
b. attractive, likeable, successful and high in status
c. loners and independent thinkers
d. around us a lot when we were children
15. In which of the following theories does the subject play the most passive role?
a. observational learning
b. classical conditioning
c. operant conditioning
d. instrumental conditioning
16. A negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other
illness is referred to as a (an):
a. negative reinforcer
b. punisher
c. taste aversion
d. reaction formation
17. To motivate Ryan in school this year, his mother promised to give him $20 for every
passing grade he gets at the end of the school year. Although well intentioned, what
principle of operant conditioning is Ryan’s mother violating?
a. the law of effect
b. too much negative transfer
c. the reinforcement is too delayed; immediate feedback would work better
d. no feedback to check his progress
18. In the past, many psychologists argued that organisms only learn behaviors that are
reinforced. Today, however, most psychologists believe that much learning can occur
without reinforcement or any change in observable behavior. Support for this view
came from the work of E.C. Tolman who showed:
a. some learning remains latent until it is needed
b. all animals can be classically conditioned
c. extinction will occur if behavior is not reinforced
d. the law of effect does not apply to humans
19. Operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning in that:
a. operant stresses learning from the consequences of behavior
b. classical is more simple reflexive, involuntary kinds of responses
c. classical does not require a new behavior to be learned, only that the subject pair a
new stimuli as a cue to do old behavior
d. in operant the subject himself must create a change in the environment whereas in
classical conditioning the subject is basically just responding to stimuli presented
to him
e. all of the above
20. People practice superstitions primarily because:
a. the coincidental (variable ratio) reinforcement is powerful enough to motivate the
person to continue believing in it
b. people are stupid
c. coincidental reinforcement acts as a delayed punisher
d. they generalize from one form of stimuli to another
21. Whereas punishment seeks to stop a behavior, negative reinforcement tends to:
a. cause extinction
b. facilitate transfer
c. affect the stimuli
d. increase the chance of the behavior happening again
22-25 : Match the example with the correct schedule of reinforcement.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
22. Playing a slot-machine.
23. Getting $20 for every passing grade.
24. Wondering when your mom will show up to pick you up after practice.
25. Bells ringing at the end of each period.
26-30: Match the statement with the proper term.
a. generalization
b. extinction
c. primary reinforcer
d. punishment
e. stimulus
26. A response with little reinforcement fades over time and dies out.
27. A response designed to stop an unwanted behavior.
28. A natural reward such as food.
29. Anything that elicits a response.
30. Responding the same way to similar stimuli.
31-35 More Matching. Word Bank follows:
a. PQ4R b. cognitive map c. learning d. shaping e. discrimination
31. Positively reinforcing behaviors that are successively more similar to desired
final behaviors.
32. A relatively permanent change in your behavior brought about through
experience
33. Being able to differentiate similar stimuli.
34. A mental awareness of an area as a result of latent learning
35. An active method of learning - particularly from a textbook
36. The danger of using only punishment to shape someone’s behavior is:
a. the punisher may be reinforcing to the subject
b. the subject may begin resenting the punisher
c. punishment alone doesn’t instruct what behaviors are appropriate
d. it may have a generalized inhibiting effect and stop more than the intended
behavior
e. all of above
37. Rather than just scold Kevin from jumping up from the table before dinner is
over, his dad ought to try:
a. withholding food until he asks permission to leave
b. physically beating him for doing so
c. verbally praise him for waiting and asking permission to leave
d. serving him last
38. Albert Bandura developed a powerful kind of learning, one based on watching
and the influence of behavior that is modeled. It is known as:
a. classical conditioning
b. observational learning
c. latent learning
d. PQ4R
39. Jessica is neurotically phobic of spiders. Her therapist decides to put her in a
locked room with 1,000 harmless garden spiders. The therapist figures such
an experience, although initially shocking and frightful, will get her to realize
that her phobia is baseless. The therapist is trying which behavioral
technique?
a. systematic desensitization
b. flooding
c. counterconditioning
d. extinction therapy
40. The PQ4R method is designed to:
a. help patients overcome phobic reactions
b. provide a ratio based rate of responses
c. aid in helping students study better
d. improve the application and transfer of knowledge