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BI 200 - Exam #1
Spring 2005
Name
Lab Section. Seat#
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit. Questions are 1 point each unless indicated.
Multiple Choice 2 points each
1. The size of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is
A) 5S
B) 16S
C) 18S
D) 23S
2. Molecular sequencing suggests that mitochondria arose from a group of prokaryotic
organisms that includes the
A) Cyanobacteria
B) Proteobacteria such as Paracoccus
C) Methanogenic bacteria
D) another eukaryote
3. Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?
A) The chloroplast is a descendent of the cyanobacteria
B) The cyanobacteria are descendents of the chloroplast
C) The chloroplast and the cyanobacteria shared a common ancestor
D) The chloroplast and the cyanobacteria are not closely (or specifically) related
4. The presence of membrane-enclosed organelles is a characteristic of
A) prokaryotic cells.
C) all cells.
B) eukaryotic cells.
D) viruses.
5. Which of the following are made up of prokaryotic cells?
A) bacteria and fungi
C) protozoa and animals
B) Archaea and fungi
D) bacteria and Archaea
6. Which statement is true?
A) Yeasts are fungi while molds are algae.
B) Yeasts are bacteria while molds are fungi.
C) Both yeasts and molds are prokaryotes.
D) Both yeasts and molds are fungi.
7. In relation to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are generally
A) larger.
B) smaller.
C) about the same size.
D) There is no general rule about comparative cell size.
8. The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with
A) cell wall fluidity.
B) cell membrane structures.
C) taxic movements of the cell.
D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
9. Which statement is true?
A) Lophotrichous flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous flagella
are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
B) Peritrichous flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are tufts on
the “ends” of bacterial cells.
C) Polar flagella are individual flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells; peritrichous
flagella are tufts on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
D) Polar flagella are all over the bacterial cells; lophotrichous flagella are individual
flagella on the “ends” of bacterial cells.
10. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion.
C) Pili serve as receptors and seem to be involved in bacterial conjugation.
D) All of the above.
11. Glycogen granules
A) are derived directly from either PHB or BHA.
B) cannot be detected by light microscopy, even if iodine is added.
C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy.
D) none of the above.
12. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is
A) to provide buoyancy for the organism.
B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion.
D) none of the above
13. Cells take in raw materials and discards wastes; this is called
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
replication
transcription
metabolism
differentiation
conjugation
14. Disease causing prokaryotes are found exclusively among the
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Viruses
E) Protozoa
15. Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Viruses
E) Protozoa
16. The site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic algae is the
A) mitochondrion
B) chloroplast
C) ribosome
D) endospore
E) hydrogenosome
17.
A. Most microorganisms cause disease but are never involved in the development
of pharmaceuticals or other treatments for disease.
B. Microorganisms in the rumen help cows digest cellulose.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
only (A) is true
only (B) is true
both (A) and (B) are true
neither (A) nor (B) are true
18. RNA polymerase is responsible for:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
transcription
DNA replication
translation
all of the above
none of the above
19. An organism that uses the inorganic compound H2 gas as fuel would be considered
a(n)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Chemolithotroph
Halophile
Chemoorganotroph
Phototroph
Autotroph
20. Translation is carried out by _______________ and occurs in the ____________ of
prokaryotic cells.
A)
B)
C)
D)
RNA polymerase; endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome; endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome; cytoplasm
none of the above, prokaryotes do not have a cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum
21. DNA polymerase is responsible for:
A) DNA replication
B) translation
C) transcription
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
22. Which of the following types of genes might be found on a plasmid?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
genes for the sex pilus
antibiotic resistance genes
genes for ribosomes
(a) and (b)
all of the above
23. Which of the following are prokaryotes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Cyanobacteria
bacteriophage
Amoeba
Yeast - Saccharomyces
24. You observe a specimen under your microscope that is 0.4 mm in length, has mouth
parts, legs, and wings. It is an example of a(n)
A) bacterium
B) protozoan
C) fungus
D) archaean
E) metazoan
Answer the following questions based on the articles “Earth’s dominant life form…”
25. Which of these benefits do the microorganisms living in and on us provide?
A) They provide additional income
B) They keep disease-causing microbes out of the body
C) They help feed their hosts by providing vitamins and breaking down food
D) None, they all lead to problems eventually
E) (b) and (c)
26. A baby is born germ-free. After colonization, how many species bacteria might be
found in its colon and on its skin?
A)
B)
C)
D)
40
400
4,000
400,000
27. Which of the following is a microbiologist from the University of Illinois who is an
expert on human-microbial interaction?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Dr. Jeffrey Gordon
Dr. Abigail Salyers
Dr. Guy Weinberg
Dr. Floyd Dewhhirst.
28. Three areas of the body that are highly colonized and discussed in the paper DO
NOT include
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vagina
Mouth and teeth
Scalp
Gut – small intestine and colon
Circle the chemical structure to the left
that is the ether linkage
Is the sugar molecule to the left an alpha
or beta form of glucose?
Which of these would be found in RNA?
Which of these would be found in DNA?
Indicate to which carbon (1 through 5)
the next nucleotide would attach
on one of the structures.
Indicate to which carbon (1 through 5)
the base would attach on one of
the structures.
Indicate which polysaccharides to the
left would either be soluble and
digestible, or make a good cell wall
material. Mark all three.
Indicate which structure has an ether
linkage, and which has an ester linkage.
Are ether linkages found in lipids of
archaea, eukaryotes, or bacteria?
Would the membrane structures on the
left be from archaea or bacteria?
What is the name (abbreviation will due)
of the polymer depicted on the left?
What do the storage granules provide for
the bacteria?
Why are these storage granules of
particular interest to people?
Complete the following table related to the entry of molecules into bacteria (10 points).
Method of
Entry
Is Energy
Required?
Yes or No
Is Protein
Involved?
Yes or No
What is the
source of
energy?
Example of
Moleculea
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Symport
Group
Translocation
ABC Transport
a
Choose from glucose, lactose, maltose, hydrogen gas, glycerol
(4 points) Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic motility by completing the following
table.
Trait or Property
Appendages related to
motility
Name of proteins that
appendages are composed
of
Motion of appendages
(What man-made structures
do they resemble?)
What form of energy is
required for motion?
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Complete the following table comparing the typical arrangement of DNA in Eukaryotes
and Prokaryotes. 4 points
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Shape of Chromosome
Copies of Each
Chromosome
Where is it found in the
cell?
Does supercoiling involves
histones?
(2 points) What are three advantages of having a capsule? Put a star by the most
important.
A-
B-
C-
(2 points) Bacterial endospores are (true or false)
_____ resistant to heat
_____ metabolically active
_____ rich in Calcium
_____ formed on the inside of cells
Historical Figures in Microbiology
Complete the following narrative by circling the appropriate name or term in each
parenthesis so that each sentence is accurate. 1 point each
(Robert Hooke, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur) was the first person to make
detailed observations of microorganisms leading to the discovery of bacteria in 1684. It
was not until the 1860’s that (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister,
Robert Koch) was able to demonstrate that microorganisms were responsible for
fermentation and food spoilage. To do this he performed a series of experiments with
“swan-neck” flasks to (prove, disprove) the theory of spontaneous generation. In these
experiments (dust, air) could get in the flasks, but (dust, air) could not, and therefore
showing that (dust, air) was responsible for microbial growth. The whole series of
manipulations preventing contaminating microbes from getting in the flasks is referred to
as (enrichment technique, pure culture technique, aseptic technique, pasteurization).
(Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch) developed the germ theory of disease. He
developed a set of rules that rigorously demonstrated that a particular organism caused a
particular disease. In order to do this he had to invent (enrichment technique, pure
culture technique, aseptic technique, Listerine). The first such organism to be
identified was the causative agent of (cow pox, small pox, anthrax, rabies). Martinus
Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky were leaders in the study of microbes in the
environment. Winogradsky developed the concept of (autotrophy, heterotrophy,
lithotrophy, phototrophy) where organisms could use non-carbon compounds as fuel or
“food” molecules. Beijerinck developed (enrichment technique, pure culture
technique, aseptic technique, pasteurization) to isolate this type of organism.
Structure of prokaryotic cells: Elements, Bonds, Forces, Monomers, Polymers, and
Features.
Use the 10 terms listed below to complete the facing diagram which represents the bonds
and forces that hold together the prokaryotic cell, and their elements, monomers,
polymers, and structures. (Bonds and forces are in italics).
Fatty Acids,
Glycerol, +
PO43-
Polysaccharide
Hydrophobic
Interactions
C, N, H, O, S
Peptide
Bonds
Glycosidic
C, N, H, O, P
Ribosome
DNA
20 Amino Acids
1________
Enzymes
Hydrogen
Bonds +
Hydrophobic
Interactions
Hydrogen
Bonds
Protein
5________
7________
Covalent
Bonds
9________
RNA and
Protein
Chromosome
Hydrogen
Bonds
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
2________
3________
Phosphodiester
Nucleotides:
A,G,C,T,U
Covalent
Bonds
10________
Phospholipid
Ester
4________
6________
8________
Covalent
Bonds
C, N, H, O, P
Glucosamine +
Muramic acid
Covalent
Bonds
C, N, H, O
Short answer/Circle the correct word. 2 points each
What is the size range of viruses in m?
Who discovered lysozyme and penicillin?
Give the name of the cell wall material in fungi, the name of the monomer it is composed
of, and the designation of the bonding arrangement.
Eukaryotic cells have (linear, circular) chromosomes that are composed of (singlestranded, double-stranded) DNA.
How many base pairs in the E. coli chromosome?
Name 3 structures associated with eukaryotic cells that are composed of microtubules
Rods (bacilli) and spheres (cocci) are two bacterial shapes. Name and draw two more.
A Paramecium measures 175 μm. How many mm is that?
Draw the arrangement of the gram negative cell envelope. Indicate the following things:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoprotein, peptidoglycan, porins, cytoplasmic and outer
membranes, membrane proteins, phospholipids, periplasm, and cytoplasm. (5 pts).
Use the above terms (LPS, lipoprotein, etc.) to complete the following sentences. 5 pts.
________________________ serves to anchor the outer membrane to the cell wall.
________________________ causes fever in warm-blooded animals.
________________________ allow entry of monomer molecules, like sugars and amino
acids, to enter the periplasm.
Binding proteins of “ABC” transport systems are found in the _____________________.
________________________ are typically composed of hydrophobic fatty acids,
glycerol, and phosphate.