Download Notes Unit 4 Part 5

BIOLOGY NOTES
GENETICS PART 5
PAGES 198-208, 212-217
NAME:
DAY / MOD:
DATE:
Standards:
____ Use Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance
____ Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant,
recessive, co-dominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles
____ Analyze how heredity and family history can impact personal health
Essential Question:
1.
I. Human Autosomal Disorders
Autosome = chromosome pairs 1-22 which contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the
_______ of the organism
 autosomal disorders occur can occur in any chromosomes except the _______ chromosomes
Disorder
Cause
Effect
Physical Effects
1. Albinism
Lack of pigment in skin,
Skin and eyes are extremely
_______ , and eyes
sensitive to ____________
2. Cystic Fibrosis
Excess mucus in _________ Respiratory and pulmonary
and digestive tract
problems
3. Galactosemia
Inability to breakdown
Mental retardation, eye and
_____________ which
_______ damage
builds up in body
4. Tay-Sachs disease
Lipid accumulation in brain
Death early in childhood.
cells
5. Huntington’s disease
Progressive destruction of
Destruction of muscles and
muscles and nervous system.
________ until death occurs
II. Unique Patterns of Inheritance
Simple _________________ genetics predicts offspring and parents based on alleles that are only ___________
or ____________. The majority of organisms, however, are more __________ and show unique patterns of
_________________.
A. Incomplete Dominance = type of inheritance in which ____ allele is not completely ______________
over another
 the heterozygote is a ______________ between the two alleles (completely different heterozygote)
e.g. flower color in 4o’clock plants
B. Multiple Alleles = type of inheritance in which genes have more than ______ alleles within a
__________________
 each individual can have only _____ alleles
e.g. ABO Blood System
C. Codominance = type of inheritance in which both alleles contribute to the ________________
 both alleles ______________ themselves, but not as a ___________
e.g. AB Blood Type, Checkered Chickens, Sickle Cell Anemia
Range, A.
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D. Polygenic Traits = type of inheritance in which _________ are controlled by more than ___ gene
e.g. eye color, hair color, skin color
E. Sex-Linked Genes = type of inheritance in which genes with particular __________ are located on the
sex ___________________ (X or Y)
 males are _______ while females are ______
 in males, any trait linked to the ____ chromosome will be _______________ even if they are recessive
1. Color-Blindness
 caused by a recessive __________ on the ___ chromosome
 1 in 10 males have red-green colorblindness
 1 in 100 females have red-green colorblindness
e.g.
2. Hemophilia
 caused by a recessive ___________ on the ___ chromosome
 1 in 10,000 males have the disease
 in this disease, blood clotting enzymes are __________
 small bruises and cuts may cause excessive _____________ even into death
e.g.
III. Human Heredity
A. Karyotype = a chart that shows all pairs of ________________ in order
 taken during ____________ when the chromosomes formed (during prophase)
 humans have ____ chromosomes that are organized into _____ pairs
 each pair has the same _________ of genes but may have different ____________
 in each pair, one chromosome comes from _____ and one from _____
 sex chromosomes = the _______ set of chromosomes that determines the __________ of the human
 _____ for males and _____ for females
B. Chromosomal Disorders
Nondisjunction = during meiosis, ________________ chromosomes fail to separate meaning gametes
with too _______ or too ___________ chromosomes
1. Down’s Syndrome
 also known as _____________ 21 because there are ____ #21 chromosomes
 results in severe mental retardation
2. Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY)
 have an extra ____ chromosome
 prevents individuals from reproducing
3. Turner’s Syndrome (XO)
 have only ___ sex chromosome which is an ____
 unable to develop sex organs at all
STUDENT SYNTHESIS
To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher
level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive summary of the information
Range, A.
Unit 4 Page 2E