Download Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

Lab 11 Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1) What is the primary structure of a protein?
2) What is the main factor that determines how one
protein differs from another?
3) What is the secondary structure of a protein?
4) What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
5) How does a string of amino acids fold into a 3
dimensional shape?
6) What is the importance of the 3-D shape of a
protein?
7) What is DNA?
8) Alterations of the DNA sequence which ultimately
affect the outcome of the protein are called?
9) Advantageous mutations may lead to what?
The sequence of amino acids in the protein
molecule.
Its primary structure
When the string of amino acids folds into a
staircase shape, called a beta pleat. Not all amino
acid strings do this, so not all proteins have a
secondary structure.
Its 3-dimensional shape
Some amino acids have a negative charge that bind
onto an amino acid in the string that has a positive
charge, causing a 3-dimensional fold in the string.
It is essential to a protein’s physiological function.
If it does not fold properly, it will not be in the
proper shape to perform its function.
Sequences of nucleic acids on our chromosomes
that contain information on how to build the
thousands of different proteins in our body.
Mutations.
10) Disastrous mutations most often lead to what?
improved or new proteins that enhance survival of
an organism
the death of organisms
11) What are the raw materials for natural selection?
mutations
12) Where is DNA kept?
In the nucleus of each cell.
13) What is the process called when a copy of our
DNA is made by mRNA (messenger RNA)?
14) To what location in the cell does the mRNA carry
the DNA copy?
15) What happens in the ribosome when the mRNA
gets there?
16) What is a codon?
Transcription.
17) When the mRNA enters the ribosome and the
ribosome reads each codon and strings amino acids
together to form a protein, what is this process
called?
18) What molecules carry the amino acid to the
ribosome so they can be attached into a string?
19) What is an anticodon?
Ribosomes.
Protein synthesis occurs; the protein is made.
A series of three nucleic acid sequences on the
mRNA that codes for one amino acid on the
protein that needs to be made.
Translation.
tRNA molecules (transfer RNA).
The end of the tRNA molecule that matches the
three nucleotide sequence (the codon) of the
mRNA so that it fits like a key in a lock.
Flashcards
20) Suppose the 5th base pair (from the left) of the
original DNA is changed from "T" to "A". What
effect does this have on your product?
21) Suppose the original DNA is changed so that the
11th base pair (from the left) is no longer "G" but
becomes "C".
a. How does this affect the mRNA sequence?
b. How does this affect the "protein" produced?
22) For practice, write a sequence of nucleic acids
(such as ATGGCTCAT) and then write what its
complementary strand will look like.
23) Translate your mRNA from the above sequence
24) Write the codons for the above sequence
25) In nature, what is the ultimate judge of “better” or
“worse” protein?
26) What are the consequences of “better” or “worse”
to individuals and the population?
27) What would happen to the protein if one
nucleotide was deleted from the original DNA?
28) How would the mRNA be affected?
29) What would happen to the protein if one
nucleotide was added to the original DNA?
30) How would the mRNA be affected?
The codons would be different, so the amino acid
sequence would be different, so the protein would
be different.
The codons would be different, so the amino acid
sequence would be different, so the protein would
be different.
UACCGAGUA (remember, there are no “T”’s in
mRNA, so we use a “U” instead).
This is the transcribed segment, or the mRNA
ATGGCTCAT
This is the translated RNA
ATG codes for the first amino acid
GCT codes for the second amino acid
CAT codes for the third amino acid
The codons would be different, so the amino acid
sequence would be different, so the protein would
be different.
The codons would be different, so the amino acid
sequence would be different, so the protein would
be different.