Download Biology Benchmark Exam #4 2010

Biology Benchmark Exam #4 2010-201
1. If a section of DNA has 27 percent thymine, how much adenine will it have?
A 23 percent
B 27 percent
C 46 percent
D 77 percent
2. The diagram above shows which cellular process?
A Replication
B Transcription
C Translation
D Mutation
3. A scientist puts mRNA with only cytosine (CCCCCCCC) in a test tube under conditions
allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of
only the amino acid proline. What does this experiment indicate?
A The amino acid proline is composed of cytosine.
B CCC codes for the amino acid proline.
C Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
4. A researcher treats a group of pure-breeding straight winged fruit flies with radiation
and finds that one of their offspring has curly wings. This is probably the result ofA a mutation.
B a meiosis error.
C crossing-over.
D radiation poisoning.
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5. A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AGGAGGAGG could code for
which of the following amino acid sequences?
A
B
C
D
Ile-Cys-Trp
Ile-Val-Val
Arg-Arg-Arg
Agg-Agg-Agg
6. Some events that take place during protein synthesis are listed below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA serves as a template for RNA production.
Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
Amino acids are bonded together.
RNA moves from the nucleus to a ribosome.
The correct order of the events of protein synthesis is:
A
B
C
D
1–4–2–3
4–1–3–2
2–3–1–4
3–2–1–4
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7. In the above diagram, which DNA bases are correctly paired?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
8. The diagram to the right shows
which cellular process?
A
B
C
D
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutation
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9. This segment of DNA (below) has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have
been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with:
5’ G T A _ _ _ A G A 3’
3’ C A T G T A T C T 5’
A
B
C
D
CAT
CUT
GTA
GAU
10. The enzyme amylase can be produced by cells in the salivary glands but not by cells in
the tongue. This is becauseA cells in the tongue do not have amylase genes.
B cells in the tongue do not express the amylase genes.
C DNA varies from cell to cell based on the cell's needs.
D cells in the tongue send amylase to the salivary gland cells.
11. The order of which part of the DNA strand determines the traits of an organism?
A
B
C
D
Nitrogen bases
Phosphate group
Sugar molecule
Hydrogen bonds
12. Below are the sequences of amino acids for two proteins. Which of the following
statements is true concerning these two proteins?
Arg-Thy-Ser-Val-Thy
Arg-Thy-Val-Thy-Ser
A They are identical proteins because they contain the same amino acids.
B They are identical proteins because they have the same number of amino acids.
C They are identical proteins because they are both made of amino acids.
D They are different proteins because they have a different amino acid sequence
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13. What are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?
A
B
C
D
ribose
purines
nucleotides
phosphorus
14. Recombinant DNA is presently used in the biotechnology industry to:
A
B
C
D
eliminate all infectious disease in livestock.
synthesize insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone.
increase the frequency of fertilization.
create populations that exhibit incomplete dominance.
15. A glowing tobacco plant is created using a protein from glowing green jellyfish. How is
this possible?
A
B
C
D
by mating tobacco plants and jellyfish
by inserting jellyfish genes into tobacco plants.
by feeding tobacco to jellyfish
by fertilizing tobacco with dead jellyfish
16. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A
B
C
D
amino acids
DNA molecules
fatty acids
RNA molecules
17. What accounts for the differences in proteins?
A
B
C
D
Different proteins are synthesized by different processes.
Different proteins are created in different kinds of structures in the cell.
Different proteins have different numbers or sequences of amino acids.
Proteins are made differently in different organisms.
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18. A DNA sequence is shown below.
GTGACAT
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
A CACUGUA
B GUGACAU
C UGUCACG
D CACUGUA
19. Which mutation could be passed on to future generations?
A
B
C
D
a mutation in a liver cell
cancer caused by excessive exposure of skin cells to the sun
a mutation during the formation of the sperm and egg
a mutation in a leaf cell of a maple tree
20. Genetic engineering is when genes from one organism are inserted into another and are
expressed. Genetic engineering is possible because:
A all organisms have the same DNA.
B all organisms have the same genes.
C all organisms have the same proteins.
D all organisms have the same chromosomes
21. Which of the following is the correct sequence for the production of proteins?
A
B
C
D
DNA → transcription → mRNA → translation → protein
DNA → translation → mRNA → transcription → protein
mRNA → transcription → DNA → translation → protein
mRNA → translation → DNA → transcription → protein
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22. In the diagram of translation below, which amino acid would added to the sequence
next?
A
B
C
D
leucine
glycine
valine
histidine
23. Why are proteins so important?
A they make up most of the cell membrane
B they control chemical reactions in living things
C they carry the genetic code
D they allow living things to remove waste
24. Why are your lung cells different from your muscle cells?
A
B
C
D
they have different genes
different genes are being used in each
they came from different sperm and egg cells
they are the same
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Open Ended Question
The following paragraphs were adapted from an article in the March 1990 issue of Discover magazine.
THE ULTIMATE MEDICINE
Broken genes cause a variety of illnesses. Genetic surgeons can now go into a cell and fix those
genes with an unlikely scalpel: a virus.
by Geoffrey Montgomery
The first time Richard Mulligan turned a virus into a truck, he was a 25-year-old graduate
student. He had just performed an unprecedented feat of bioengineering -- he had used the
tools of recombinant DNA technology to splice a rabbit gene into a monkey virus. Normally,
viruses are vehicles for their own genes. In fact, they are little more than genetic material
wrapped within a shell that allows the virus to travel from one cell to the next. They penetrate a
cell, then use the cell's genetic machinery to making thousands of virus copies. But Mulligan
had pulled out the genes that allow the virus to replicate and put in their place the genes for
hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Mulligan hoped that the
genetically modified virus would no longer tell the cell it had entered to make more virus
particles. It would just order hemoglobin proteins.
Mulligan built his fleet of viral "trucks," all with the hemoglobin gene in their cargo bay. Then he
dumped a soupy solution of these viruses into a dish of cells from a monkey's kidney. Kidney
cells have no roles in oxygen transport and do not normally make hemoglobin molecules. But
these kidney cells, after their invasion by Mulligan's viruses, underwent an astonishing
transformation. Spurred on by the unloaded hemoglobin genes, the kidney cells began to churn
out hemoglobin molecules.
With those hemoglobin proteins, Mulligan had ushered in a revolutionary new vision of therapy
for human genetic disease. His path-breaking gene-transfer experiment suggested that one
could transform viruses, nature's parasites, into molecular ambulances capable of shuttling
beneficial genes into ailing cells. It was more than a major event in basic biological research. It
signaled the dawn of a new era of medicine, in which physicians would be able to reach down
into the molecular foundations of a disease and cure an ailment by correcting its cause.
Based on your knowledge of genetics and the information in the preceding passage,
answer the following questions.
What is a gene? What is it made of? What is the major function of a gene?
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Biology Benchmark Exam #4 2010-2011
Answer Key
1) B
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) C
6) A
7) C
8) B
9) A
10) B
11) A
12) D
13) C
14) B
15) B
16) A
17) C
18) A
19) C
20) A
21) A
22) D
23) B
24) B
5a
4a
4b
4c
4b
1d
5a
5b
5b
4d
5a
4e
1h
5c
5c
1h
4e
5b
4c
5c
1d
4a
1h
4d
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Open Ended- 2.0/2c/2d/2e/2f/3a/3b
Score & Description
4-proficient
Student response demonstrates an understanding of what a gene is, what it is made of, and its
major function. The definition of a gene can be stated in terms of its function.
Credited Responses Include.
Gene:


A unit of hereditary material.
A code for a particular trait of characteristic.
Structure:


Made of Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).
Double Helix of nitrogenous bases.
Gene/Function:


Codes for a particular protein (or polypeptide).
Blueprint for protein.
3-basic
These responses address what a gene is in general terms (e.g., a unit of hereditary material) and
what it is made of (DNA). They indicate no understanding of its role in protein or polypeptide
production.
2- bb
These responses address either what a gene is in general terms or what it is made of.
1-fbb
These responses demonstrate no understanding of a gene or its function.
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