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BIOLOGY AP, November 2007 Name ___________________________ PRACTICE Quiz PER 5 6 7 Signal Transduction, Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA Replication "I understand the Monta Vista Academic Code and will not give or receive any improper aid for this examination." signed ________________________________________ 1. You decide to study the cell cycle in cat cells. Cats have 38 chromosomes. Ms. Tsai volunteers her cat Felix for your study. You isolate some of Felix's skin cells. a) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a Felix cell that is in G1? ____ b) Would you expect to find RNA Polymerase activity in G1? (yes or no) ____ c) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a Felix cell that is in G2? ____ d) Would you expect to find RNA Polymerase activity in G2? (yes or no) ____ e) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell from Felix? ____ 2. The following two pictures are taken of onion root tip cells. Please classify whether the cell is in Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, or Telophase. __________ __________ 3. For the animal cell to the right, identify the name of the four structures. Write the proper name on the arrow. 4. Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis? a. homologous chromosomes pair forming a tetrad b. homologous chromosomes cross over c. chromatids are separated during anaphase d. homologous chromosomes behave independently. 5. You are mapping four genes to chromosome #3. They cross over at the following frequencies: A and B = 7% B and C = 17% A and C = 10% C and D = 1% B and D = 18% What is the relative order of these four genes on chromosome #3? __________________ 6. What are two differences between cell division in plants and cell division in animals? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. When a pregnant woman is 35 years of age or older, doctors begin to do genetic testing to determine if the fetus she is carrying has any chromosomal abnormalities. To do this, amniotic fluid is removed from the womb. This fluid contains fetal cells. a) In order to detect chromosomal abnormalities, the technician needs to find cells that are in metaphase. Suppose the technician finds four cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Circle the cell that is in Metaphase. a) b) c) d) b) For each of the descriptions below, indicate if it describes a phase in MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, or BOTH. You can assume that all descriptions refer to human cells. ______________ Homologous chromosomes line up in 2 rows in the middle of the cell. ______________ Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell. ______________ Microtubules originate from centrosomes to create the spindle fibers. ______________ A cleavage furrow forms to separate newly formed cells. ______________ Crossing over occurs during Prophase. c) You identify a cell that is stuck in G1 of the cell cycle. Which of the following would you expect to be true for this cell? Put an X next to all that apply to this cell. _______ Sister chromatids are joined together at the centromeres. _______ DNA Polymerase III activity is high. _______ Enzymes are being used. _______ DNA is uncondensed to allow protein synthesis to occur. d) Colchicine is a drug that prevents spindle fibers from forming. List 2 different phases of mitosis that this drug will affect negatively. List the phase of mitosis then describe HOW colchicine will negatively affect it. 1) ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. You are trying to draw a diagram showing the order of 4 different genes on chromosome 12, genes A, F, H, and J. Using the recombination frequencies provided, indicate the order of these genes on the chromosome (shown as a line below). ____________________________________ Genes Recombination Frequency A& J 15 % A & F 12 % F & J 3% J& H 8% F & H 11 % 9. While working in the Molecular Biology department at the University of Washington, your boss asks you to characterize a new mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) called FLX23. He tells you that this mutant strain of yeast is auxotrophic for the amino acid alanine (cannot produce alanine). You can assume that it has no other defects or mutations. You conduct several tests (all grown at 30ºC for 48 hours) and get the following results: Background information DC17 is a MAT strain that is auxotrophic for histidine only. DC14 is a MATa strain that is auxotrophic for histidine only. YPH499 is an auxotrophic MATa strain. Unfortunately, you don’t know what the specific defect is. YPH500 is a MAT strain. Unfortunately, you don’t know what the specific defect is. Test 1 Test 2 Several different strains of yeast are grown on YED Several different strains of yeast grown on MV media. The results are shown below. media. The plate is shown below. DC14 FLX23 + DC14 DC17 DC14 DC17 FLX23 + DC14 FLX23 + DC17 FLX23 + DC17 FLX23 FLX23 Using your results, your boss wants you to answer the following questions about the FLX23 strain: a) Is FLX23 MATa or MAT strain? ___________________________ b) Explain your answer to part (a) ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ c) A student who is unfamiliar with yeast asks you to explain why FLX23 is able to grow on YED media but not on MV media. What would you tell the student? ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ d) How will a wildtype (normal) MATa haploid yeast cell respond when it senses factor pheromone? ______________________________________________________________________________________ e) Suppose you want to determine what the specific defects in YPH499 and YPH500 are. How could you use complementation tests to determine what type of mutation these yeast possess? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ f) Which of the following are characteristics of yeast? (check all that apply) prokaryotes multicellular single celled Motile (can move) fungus have a nucleus g) Explain how yeast mating shows signal transduction. Include all of the steps of signal transduction. ______ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The diagram on the right shows two stages of meiosis (metaphase I and anaphase I) and the resulting gametes. There is an error in the process. a) Draw an arrow to where the error is. b) Describe what this error is (what exactly is going wrong). ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ c) Using your understanding of meiosis, label EACH of the four gametes with one of the following terms (terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all): NORMAL TRISOMY MONOSOMY 11. When an individual reaches puberty, their body produces more hormones. One of these hormones is Human Growth Factor. The diagrams below show how growth factor affects the body at a cellular level through signal transduction pathways. The picture on the right, shows the phosphorylation cascade in greater detail. a) Each signal transduction pathway ultimately causes a cellular response. What is the cellular response caused by HGH? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ b) Suppose a cell has a mutated form of Protein Kinase 3 that does not allow it to bind to a phosphate (P). What will this result in? _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ c) A cell is missing a receptor for HGH. What will this result in? (circle one) i. mRNA will be transcribed continuously ii. Protein Kinase 1 will accumulate in the cell iii. The transcription factor will remain inactive iv. All of the ATP will be used up in the cell d) Explain how signal transduction pathways cause a signal to be amplified in a cell. Be as specific as possible in your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following diagram represents the replication fork in DNA replication. One end of one of the DNA strands has been labeled for you. 12. Enzyme A is: a) DNA Ligase c) Helicase b) DNA Polymerase III d) Single Stranded Binding Protein 13. Enzyme C is: a) Helicase d) Gyrase b) DNA Polymerase I e) Primase 14. The "E" end of the DNA is a) 5' b) 3' 15. Enzyme A is on what strand of the DNA? a) Leading Strand b) Lagging Strand c) p53