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BIOLOGY AP, November 2007
Name ___________________________
PRACTICE Quiz
PER
5
6 7
Signal Transduction, Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA Replication
"I understand the Monta Vista Academic Code and will not give or receive any improper aid for this examination."
signed ________________________________________
1. You decide to study the cell cycle in cat cells. Cats have 38 chromosomes. Ms. Tsai volunteers her cat Felix
for your study. You isolate some of Felix's skin cells.
a) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a Felix cell that is in G1? ____
b) Would you expect to find RNA Polymerase activity in G1? (yes or no) ____
c) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a Felix cell that is in G2? ____
d) Would you expect to find RNA Polymerase activity in G2? (yes or no) ____
e) How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell from Felix? ____
2. The following two pictures are taken of onion root tip cells. Please classify whether the cell is in Interphase,
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, or Telophase.
__________
__________
3. For the animal cell to
the right, identify the name
of the four structures. Write the
proper name on the arrow.
4. Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis?
a. homologous chromosomes pair forming a tetrad
b. homologous chromosomes cross over
c. chromatids are separated during anaphase
d. homologous chromosomes behave independently.
5. You are mapping four genes to chromosome #3. They cross over at the following frequencies:
A and B = 7%
B and C = 17%
A and C = 10%
C and D = 1%
B and D = 18%
What is the relative order of these four genes on chromosome #3? __________________
6. What are two differences between cell division in plants and cell division in animals?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. When a pregnant woman is 35 years of age or older, doctors begin to do genetic testing to determine if the fetus she is
carrying has any chromosomal abnormalities. To do this, amniotic fluid is removed from the womb. This fluid contains
fetal cells.
a) In order to detect chromosomal abnormalities, the technician needs to find cells that are in metaphase. Suppose the
technician finds four cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Circle the cell that is in Metaphase.
a)
b)
c)
d)
b) For each of the descriptions below, indicate if it describes a phase in MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, or BOTH. You can
assume that all descriptions refer to human cells.
______________ Homologous chromosomes line up in 2 rows in the middle of the cell.
______________ Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.
______________ Microtubules originate from centrosomes to create the spindle fibers.
______________ A cleavage furrow forms to separate newly formed cells.
______________ Crossing over occurs during Prophase.
c) You identify a cell that is stuck in G1 of the cell cycle. Which of the following would you expect to be true for this
cell? Put an X next to all that apply to this cell.
_______ Sister chromatids are joined together at the centromeres.
_______ DNA Polymerase III activity is high.
_______ Enzymes are being used.
_______ DNA is uncondensed to allow protein synthesis to occur.
d) Colchicine is a drug that prevents spindle fibers from forming. List 2 different phases of mitosis that this drug will
affect negatively. List the phase of mitosis then describe HOW colchicine will negatively affect it.
1) ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2) ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. You are trying to draw a diagram showing the order of 4 different genes on chromosome 12, genes A, F, H, and J.
Using the recombination frequencies provided, indicate the order of these genes on the chromosome (shown as a line
below).
____________________________________
Genes
Recombination
Frequency
A& J
15 %
A & F
12 %
F & J
3%
J& H
8%
F & H
11 %
9. While working in the Molecular Biology department at the University of Washington, your boss asks you to
characterize a new mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) called FLX23. He tells you that
this mutant strain of yeast is auxotrophic for the amino acid alanine (cannot produce alanine). You can assume
that it has no other defects or mutations. You conduct several tests (all grown at 30ºC for 48 hours) and get the
following results:
Background information
DC17 is a MAT strain that is auxotrophic for histidine only.
DC14 is a MATa strain that is auxotrophic for histidine only.
YPH499 is an auxotrophic MATa strain. Unfortunately, you don’t know what the specific defect is.
YPH500 is a MAT strain. Unfortunately, you don’t know what the specific defect is.
Test 1
Test 2
Several different strains of yeast are grown on YED Several different strains of yeast grown on MV
media. The results are shown below.
media. The plate is shown below.
DC14
FLX23 +
DC14
DC17
DC14
DC17
FLX23 +
DC14
FLX23 +
DC17
FLX23 +
DC17
FLX23
FLX23
Using your results, your boss wants you to answer the following questions about the FLX23 strain:
a) Is FLX23 MATa or MAT strain? ___________________________
b) Explain your answer to part (a) ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
c) A student who is unfamiliar with yeast asks you to explain why FLX23 is able to grow on YED media but
not on MV media. What would you tell the student? ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
d) How will a wildtype (normal) MATa haploid yeast cell respond when it senses  factor pheromone?
______________________________________________________________________________________
e) Suppose you want to determine what the specific defects in YPH499 and YPH500 are. How could you use
complementation tests to determine what type of mutation these yeast possess?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
f) Which of the following are characteristics of yeast? (check all that apply)
prokaryotes
multicellular
single celled
Motile (can move)
fungus
have a nucleus
g) Explain how yeast mating shows signal transduction. Include all of the steps of signal transduction. ______
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The diagram on the right shows two stages of meiosis (metaphase I
and anaphase I) and the resulting gametes. There is an error in the process.
a) Draw an arrow to where the error is.
b) Describe what this error is (what exactly is going wrong).
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
c) Using your understanding of meiosis, label EACH of the four gametes
with one of the following terms (terms can be used once, more than once,
or not at all):
NORMAL
TRISOMY
MONOSOMY
11. When an individual reaches puberty, their body produces more hormones. One of these hormones is Human Growth
Factor. The diagrams below show how growth factor affects the body at a cellular level through signal transduction
pathways. The picture on the right, shows the phosphorylation cascade in greater detail.
a) Each signal transduction pathway ultimately causes a cellular response. What is the cellular response caused by HGH?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) Suppose a cell has a mutated form of Protein Kinase 3 that does not allow it to bind to a phosphate (P). What will this
result in? _________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
c) A cell is missing a receptor for HGH. What will this result in? (circle one)
i.
mRNA will be transcribed continuously
ii.
Protein Kinase 1 will accumulate in the cell
iii.
The transcription factor will remain inactive
iv.
All of the ATP will be used up in the cell
d) Explain how signal transduction pathways cause a signal to be amplified in a cell. Be as specific as possible in your
answer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
The following diagram represents the replication fork in DNA replication. One end of one of the DNA
strands has been labeled for you.
12. Enzyme A is:
a) DNA Ligase
c) Helicase
b) DNA Polymerase III
d) Single Stranded Binding Protein
13. Enzyme C is:
a) Helicase
d) Gyrase
b) DNA Polymerase I
e) Primase
14. The "E" end of the DNA is
a) 5'
b) 3'
15. Enzyme A is on what strand of the DNA?
a) Leading Strand
b) Lagging Strand
c) p53