
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
... weight loss, pain in the throat or mid-chest, etc. ...
... weight loss, pain in the throat or mid-chest, etc. ...
Defining the Epigenetic Mechanism of Asymmetric Cell Division of
... 2007). The three cassettes reside in direct orientation and encompass a 30-kb region in the middle of chromosome 2, which also contains genes unrelated to the mating process. Thus far the S. pombe mating is the only system where the double helical structure of DNA has been demonstrated to confer asy ...
... 2007). The three cassettes reside in direct orientation and encompass a 30-kb region in the middle of chromosome 2, which also contains genes unrelated to the mating process. Thus far the S. pombe mating is the only system where the double helical structure of DNA has been demonstrated to confer asy ...
Manipulating Yeast Genome Using Plasmid Vectors. In: Gene Expression Technology.
... particular advantages, evident in the articles in this volume devoted to the topic. The sequence elements required for expression of a number of genes have been intensely studied and are well characterized. From these studies have come a variety of useful promoters, both regulated and constitutive, ...
... particular advantages, evident in the articles in this volume devoted to the topic. The sequence elements required for expression of a number of genes have been intensely studied and are well characterized. From these studies have come a variety of useful promoters, both regulated and constitutive, ...
DNA phosphorothioation inStreptomyces lividans: mutational
... the chromosome of S.lividans HXY6 (generated by targeted deletion of the complete dnd locus, [8]). A complete set of pSET152-derived integration plasmids with targeted in-frame deletions of the five dnd genes was generated by PCR and cloned into E. coli [detailed in Methods, pHZ2862 (651-bp deletion ...
... the chromosome of S.lividans HXY6 (generated by targeted deletion of the complete dnd locus, [8]). A complete set of pSET152-derived integration plasmids with targeted in-frame deletions of the five dnd genes was generated by PCR and cloned into E. coli [detailed in Methods, pHZ2862 (651-bp deletion ...
Genetic code redundancy and its influence on the encoded
... Abstract: The genetic code is said to be redundant in that the same amino acid residue can be encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous, codons. If all properties of synonymous codons were entirely equivalent, one would expect that they would be equally distributed along protein coding sequences. Ho ...
... Abstract: The genetic code is said to be redundant in that the same amino acid residue can be encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous, codons. If all properties of synonymous codons were entirely equivalent, one would expect that they would be equally distributed along protein coding sequences. Ho ...
Cot-1 banding of human chromosomes using fluorescence
... Human Cot-1 DNA prepared from placental DNA is known to be highly enriched in repetitive sequences such as the AluI and KpnI family members (Britten et at., 1974; Weiner et al., 1986; Nisson et al., 199I). It is conventionally used to suppress hybridization signals from repetitive D N A sequences pr ...
... Human Cot-1 DNA prepared from placental DNA is known to be highly enriched in repetitive sequences such as the AluI and KpnI family members (Britten et at., 1974; Weiner et al., 1986; Nisson et al., 199I). It is conventionally used to suppress hybridization signals from repetitive D N A sequences pr ...
Compaction of Duplex Nucleic Acids upon Native
... gradually during the experiment. Consta and co-workers40 modeled the desolvation process of duplex dA11•dT11 at atomistic level in a water droplet containing Na+ and Cl-, and found that the duplex collapses inside the droplet when the Na+ cations are numerous enough to interact with the phosphates a ...
... gradually during the experiment. Consta and co-workers40 modeled the desolvation process of duplex dA11•dT11 at atomistic level in a water droplet containing Na+ and Cl-, and found that the duplex collapses inside the droplet when the Na+ cations are numerous enough to interact with the phosphates a ...
Flexible expressed region analysis for RNA
... made it possible to characterize the transcriptomes of a diverse range of experimental systems, including human tissues (1–3), cell lines (4,5) and model organisms (6,7). The goal of many experiments involves identifying differential expression with respect to disease, development or treatment. In e ...
... made it possible to characterize the transcriptomes of a diverse range of experimental systems, including human tissues (1–3), cell lines (4,5) and model organisms (6,7). The goal of many experiments involves identifying differential expression with respect to disease, development or treatment. In e ...
development, the Linker histone H1 is essential for Drosophila
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
hag expression in Bacillus subtilis is both negatively
... predominates over the negative regulation. ...
... predominates over the negative regulation. ...
2- pcr primer design and reaction optimisation
... partner if one runs the risk of having problems such as described above. Apart from the Tm, a prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. For example, there is a 1⁄4 chance (4-1) of findin ...
... partner if one runs the risk of having problems such as described above. Apart from the Tm, a prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. For example, there is a 1⁄4 chance (4-1) of findin ...
Review Article Viral Bacterial Artificial - diss.fu
... mutagenesis techniques in E. coli. Over the last decade, a number of methods have been developed that allow the generation of virtually any mutation in a virus genome. Within a few days, genes or sequence elements can be removed. Foreign sequences can readily be inserted into the genome, allowing de ...
... mutagenesis techniques in E. coli. Over the last decade, a number of methods have been developed that allow the generation of virtually any mutation in a virus genome. Within a few days, genes or sequence elements can be removed. Foreign sequences can readily be inserted into the genome, allowing de ...
user guide here
... in the REF field to reduce file size. The following is a simplified segment of a gVCF file, describing a segment of non-variant calls (starting with an A) on chromosome 1 from position 51845 to 51862. ##INFO=
... in the REF field to reduce file size. The following is a simplified segment of a gVCF file, describing a segment of non-variant calls (starting with an A) on chromosome 1 from position 51845 to 51862. ##INFO=
Journal of Autoimmunity - The Lu
... regions (CDR3) spanning the V(D)J junctions of rearranged TCR genes [42]. CDR3 sequence diversity is enhanced further by the addition and deletion of random nucleotides (designated N-regions) positioned between V, D, and J gene segments. Specific antigens are often recognized by T cells expressing a ...
... regions (CDR3) spanning the V(D)J junctions of rearranged TCR genes [42]. CDR3 sequence diversity is enhanced further by the addition and deletion of random nucleotides (designated N-regions) positioned between V, D, and J gene segments. Specific antigens are often recognized by T cells expressing a ...
Test Info Sheet
... components of the transfer RNA splicing protein complex (TSEN genes) and a transfer RNA synthetase responsible for translation of all mitochondrial proteins (RARS2). ...
... components of the transfer RNA splicing protein complex (TSEN genes) and a transfer RNA synthetase responsible for translation of all mitochondrial proteins (RARS2). ...
Nucleic Acids Research, 32: D489-D492 (2004).
... reside within protein-coding genes seemed a useful enterprise. Presently, such data are limited since the structural and positional information on genes and Alu sequences are scattered throughout incompatible and unconnected databases. AluGene (http://Alugene.tau.ac.il/) provides easy access to a co ...
... reside within protein-coding genes seemed a useful enterprise. Presently, such data are limited since the structural and positional information on genes and Alu sequences are scattered throughout incompatible and unconnected databases. AluGene (http://Alugene.tau.ac.il/) provides easy access to a co ...
Efficient Delivery of Dharmacon SMARTpool® siRNA
... siRNA-mediated gene knockdown is a powerful tool that has been used to identify gene function and elucidate biological pathways. Successful siRNA experiments involving knockdown of individual genes or collections of gene targets require efficient delivery of highly functional and specific siRNA mole ...
... siRNA-mediated gene knockdown is a powerful tool that has been used to identify gene function and elucidate biological pathways. Successful siRNA experiments involving knockdown of individual genes or collections of gene targets require efficient delivery of highly functional and specific siRNA mole ...
Pierre MADL Div. of Material Sciences Dep
... other words, a single fertilized egg cell - the zygote - changes into the many cell types including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, blood vessels et cetera as it continues to divide. It does so by activating some genes while inhibiting others. ...
... other words, a single fertilized egg cell - the zygote - changes into the many cell types including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, blood vessels et cetera as it continues to divide. It does so by activating some genes while inhibiting others. ...
Simplified global gene expression profiling
... expression analysis requiring only 45 minutes of handson time from 10 ng of FFPE RNA (Figure 2). Libraries from FFPE and fresh-frozen samples were generated using the Ion AmpliSeq Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (Cat. No. A26325). Transcriptome libraries were barcoded, templated, and sequenc ...
... expression analysis requiring only 45 minutes of handson time from 10 ng of FFPE RNA (Figure 2). Libraries from FFPE and fresh-frozen samples were generated using the Ion AmpliSeq Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (Cat. No. A26325). Transcriptome libraries were barcoded, templated, and sequenc ...
PDF manual - QIAGEN Bioinformatics
... length fraction" and "Minimum similarity fraction" settings will be used only for the mapping of all entries in sequence lists where one or more of the reads is 56bp or longer. The mapping parameters are: • Maximum number of mismatches. This parameter is available if you have selected at least one s ...
... length fraction" and "Minimum similarity fraction" settings will be used only for the mapping of all entries in sequence lists where one or more of the reads is 56bp or longer. The mapping parameters are: • Maximum number of mismatches. This parameter is available if you have selected at least one s ...
PDF
... where TP, TN, FP and FN denote number of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives, respecexons with 17% false positives. tively. We find that the accuracy of FirstEF is significantly higher for CpG-related than non-CpG-related genes. To study the performance of FirstEF on ...
... where TP, TN, FP and FN denote number of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives, respecexons with 17% false positives. tively. We find that the accuracy of FirstEF is significantly higher for CpG-related than non-CpG-related genes. To study the performance of FirstEF on ...
Phylogenetic Relationships between the Western Aster Yellows
... There is an EcoRI site about 670 bp from the 5’ end of the SAY-MLO 16s rRNA gene. This EcoRI site is also present in the 16s rRNA genes of the X-MLO, an MLO that infects Oenothera spp. (0-MLO) (25), and many other mollicutes and bacteria (5, 39). A PstI site that is often present just downstream fro ...
... There is an EcoRI site about 670 bp from the 5’ end of the SAY-MLO 16s rRNA gene. This EcoRI site is also present in the 16s rRNA genes of the X-MLO, an MLO that infects Oenothera spp. (0-MLO) (25), and many other mollicutes and bacteria (5, 39). A PstI site that is often present just downstream fro ...
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Gene Expression
... • Proto-oncogene located at 18q21 that promotes B-cell survival via inhibition of apoptosis and confers chemotherapy resistance • BCL-2 expression is normally down-regulated in the GC where apoptosis plays a critical role in negative B-cell selection • t(14;18) fusion gene leading to transcription ...
... • Proto-oncogene located at 18q21 that promotes B-cell survival via inhibition of apoptosis and confers chemotherapy resistance • BCL-2 expression is normally down-regulated in the GC where apoptosis plays a critical role in negative B-cell selection • t(14;18) fusion gene leading to transcription ...
Biology EOCEP Review
... How do prokaryotic cells obtain their energy? I am a cell that has been recently discovered. I contain a cell wall and a plasma membrane. I have a large vacuole that stores water and many chloroplasts to make sugars. I like the sunlight and have many organelles. What kind of cell am I? I am a cell t ...
... How do prokaryotic cells obtain their energy? I am a cell that has been recently discovered. I contain a cell wall and a plasma membrane. I have a large vacuole that stores water and many chloroplasts to make sugars. I like the sunlight and have many organelles. What kind of cell am I? I am a cell t ...
Primary transcript

A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.