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UCSD_PevznerMolecula.. - Purdue University :: Computer Science
UCSD_PevznerMolecula.. - Purdue University :: Computer Science

... An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms ...
Differential Gene Expression in the Siphonophore
Differential Gene Expression in the Siphonophore

... data to quantify expression. Some of these studies lack biological replication, which makes it difficult to assess the significance of the results. The wide variation in methods across these studies provide interesting glimpses into the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches for measuring ex ...
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly

... remain poorly understood, especially in multicellular eukaryotes with large chromosomes. One of the themes developing from work on centromeres in humans and Drosophila is that the centromeric repetitive DNA, often viewed with some suspicion as genomic flotsam, may play an important role in centromer ...
Specialized Transduction
Specialized Transduction

... foreign genes are packaged within a shell of virus proteins and introduced into the recipient by infection. Transduction is traditionally subdivided into two subclasses, specialized and generalized, and the editors of this volume have seen fit to respect tradition. The term specialized transduction ...
DNA Base Sequence Homology in Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn: Inter
DNA Base Sequence Homology in Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn: Inter

... (6), indicating genetic homogeneity among isolates within these groups. Hybridization between isolates of different AG was 30% or less (6,15). Ranges of DNA hybridization values varied for different AG, and lower levels of hybridization have confirmed lack of homogeneity among isolates within AG-1, ...
Genetic dissection of Helicobacter pylori AddAB role in homologous
Genetic dissection of Helicobacter pylori AddAB role in homologous

... RecBCD trimer is an ATP-dependent double-strand (ds) and single-strand (ss) exonuclease and a helicase. A functional analogue of the RecBCD complex, Bacillus subtilis AddAB, has been characterized genetically and biochemically (Kooistra et al., 1988; Chedin & Kowalczykowski, 2002). The add mutants a ...
Polymorphism and expression of NF-B in relation to susceptibility and
Polymorphism and expression of NF-B in relation to susceptibility and

... normally form homo- or heterodimers in the cytoplasm of the cells, where they are in an inactive state by binding to inhibitory proteins, I kappaB-, - and - and Bcl-3. Stimulatory signals, both intrinsic and extrinsic, lead the inhibitory proteins to be phosphorylated, which marks them for degrad ...
Pluripotent cells (stem cells) - an der Universität Duisburg
Pluripotent cells (stem cells) - an der Universität Duisburg

... the overlying ectoderm. This forms the primordium of the neural anlage. If small pieces of tissue from the ectoderm and the neural anlage are exchanged in the early gastrula stage, the grafted tissue develops in conformity with its new surroundings. The grafted ectoderm becomes part of the neural pl ...
Endonucleolytic processing of CCAless tRNA precursors by RNase
Endonucleolytic processing of CCAless tRNA precursors by RNase

... generate the functional molecule. Although tRNA maturation has been studied in most detail in Escherichia coli, the process is well documented, and is remarkably similar in eukaryota, bacteria and the archaea. Extensions on the 5¢ side of the tRNA are removed by RNase P, a quasiuniversal enzyme (Fra ...
Homologous Recombination Generates T-Loop
Homologous Recombination Generates T-Loop

... part of the telomere. BJ fibroblasts were harvested at the indicated time points after selection for infection with vector (⫺) or TRF2⌬B retrovirus. Equal amounts of MboI- and AluIdigested genomic DNA were fractionated and first probed with end-labeled (CCCTAA)4 under native conditions (left), follo ...
Ensembl Introduction
Ensembl Introduction

... • Pilot project completed in 2007: 1% of human genome • Discovered promoter elements are on either side of the transcription start site ...
fulltext
fulltext

... Tardigrades are known for being resistant to extreme conditions, including tolerance to ionising and UV radiation in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state. It is known that these factors may cause damage to DNA. It has recently been shown that single and double DNA strand breaks occur when tard ...
The ara Operon - University of Pennsylvania
The ara Operon - University of Pennsylvania

... araI, transcription of araB, A and D ensues. CAP stands for catabolite activator protein which is also involved in arabinose regulation, the same way it did in the lac operon. This model actually proposes two operators, O1 and O2 that are also the binding sites of AraC. When AraC binds to any of the ...
GROW`N`GLOW: THE ACE1 TWO-HYBRID
GROW`N`GLOW: THE ACE1 TWO-HYBRID

... valuable addition to the family of reporter genes for two-hybrid systems and makes a secondary screening of yeast colonies faster and more cost-effective than conventional LacZ assays. Detection of protein-protein interactions via the green fluorescent protein provides global screening of colonies w ...
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long

... It is likely that the nucleosome arrangement in an array is not formed randomly. Instead, periodicities in the DNA sequence could very well lead to the formation of a particular nucleosome arrangement, which could then form a distinctive higher-order structure or, at least, have a distinctive mode o ...
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a new target of microphthalmia
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a new target of microphthalmia

... factor. We clearly observed that MITF highly transactivated the Hif1a promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3 C), whereas two other transcription factors of the same basic helix-loop-helix family, like USF and myc, did not. The functionality of the constructs encoding USF and myc was ve ...
Complete Laboratory PDF
Complete Laboratory PDF

... another on a chromosome, the greater the chance that they will be inherited together as a unit (linked). Conversely, locations farther apart on the chromosome are more likely to be separated by chromosome recombination during meiosis. Thus, the frequency of recombination with previously mapped genes ...
The dystrophin / utrophin homologues in Drosophila and in sea urchin
The dystrophin / utrophin homologues in Drosophila and in sea urchin

... sequence identity with dystrophin were characterized. Utrophin (DRP1) is encoded by an autosomal gene and consists of all four domains of dystrophin. At the amino acid level the two proteins show ,51% identity. The exon/intron structures of the two genes are also very similar (Love et al., 1989; Pea ...
Multiple domain structure in a chitinase gene (chic)
Multiple domain structure in a chitinase gene (chic)

... One of the chitinases of Streptomyces lividans, chitinase C, was encoded by a 2 kb smaI-XhoI restriction fragment contained in the recombinant plasmid pEMJ7. DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFl and ORF2) which had opposite orientations. Norther ...
Slides: background and project plan
Slides: background and project plan

Week 2. DNA isolation and PCR
Week 2. DNA isolation and PCR

The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign

... Figure 2. Differential impact of DpnI and DpnII R–M systems on transformation. (A) DpnI does not interfere with transformation of a pathogenicity island on me+ (closed blue circles) DNA. Transforming me+ ssDNA (red line) pairing with homologous DNA on host chromosome (black line) displaces the comp ...
Expression of p53 Target Genes in the Early Phase of Long
Expression of p53 Target Genes in the Early Phase of Long

... involved in transcriptional regulation during the early phase of LTP. We hope that the presented data may aid in the understanding of the contribution of p53 and related genes in the processes that are associated with synaptic plasticity. ...
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma

... weight loss, pain in the throat or mid-chest, etc. ...
PDF
PDF

... that of dicot genes. For example, in Gramineae genes GC content is relative high, and there is a gradient of GC content along the direction of transcription [29]. In our previous study, we investigated GC content evolution in coding regions [30]. Here we focused on GC content evolution of intronic r ...
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Primary transcript



A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.
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