Structural Energetics of a RNA-DNA Hybrid
... The formation of the RNA transcript is divided into two phases: (i) activation and transcript initiation and (ii) transcript elongation and termination. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on the DNA duplex and unwinds the two DNA strands. This activates RNA synthesis, in which nucleotides are ...
... The formation of the RNA transcript is divided into two phases: (i) activation and transcript initiation and (ii) transcript elongation and termination. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on the DNA duplex and unwinds the two DNA strands. This activates RNA synthesis, in which nucleotides are ...
Report Number of Nuclear Divisions in the Drosophila Blastoderm
... and Table 2). This experiment demonstrates that the reduced division number in X161 embryos requires zygotic gene expression. The expression of many early zygotic genes is controlled by the zinc-finger protein Vfl (also called Zelda) [13]. We tested whether the precocious cell-cycle pause in X161 mu ...
... and Table 2). This experiment demonstrates that the reduced division number in X161 embryos requires zygotic gene expression. The expression of many early zygotic genes is controlled by the zinc-finger protein Vfl (also called Zelda) [13]. We tested whether the precocious cell-cycle pause in X161 mu ...
Maintenance of DNA Methylation during the Arabidopsis Life Cycle
... recently to be involved in the control of MEA imprinting (Gehring et al., 2006; Jullien et al., 2006) and likely also controls the imprinting of PHERES1, encoding a MADS box transcription factor (Köhler et al., 2005). MEA imprinting depends on transcriptional repression of its paternal allele by me ...
... recently to be involved in the control of MEA imprinting (Gehring et al., 2006; Jullien et al., 2006) and likely also controls the imprinting of PHERES1, encoding a MADS box transcription factor (Köhler et al., 2005). MEA imprinting depends on transcriptional repression of its paternal allele by me ...
A Novel Multigene Family May Encode Odorant Receptors: A
... information can provide insight into the logic underlying sensory processing. Our understanding of color vision, for example, emerged only after the observation that the discrimination of hue results from the blending of information from only three classes of photoreceptors (Rushton, 1955, 1965; Wal ...
... information can provide insight into the logic underlying sensory processing. Our understanding of color vision, for example, emerged only after the observation that the discrimination of hue results from the blending of information from only three classes of photoreceptors (Rushton, 1955, 1965; Wal ...
docx
... p53 AmpliChip analysis of p53 exons 2-11 The p53 AmpliChip research test (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA) was also used to determine p53 mutation status from 100 ng of DNA extracted from FFPE tumor tissues according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The AmpliChip p53 assay was designed to de ...
... p53 AmpliChip analysis of p53 exons 2-11 The p53 AmpliChip research test (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA) was also used to determine p53 mutation status from 100 ng of DNA extracted from FFPE tumor tissues according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The AmpliChip p53 assay was designed to de ...
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[PDF]
... The transgenic mouse lines with mouse prosaposin promoter deletion constructs were 234Luc, 310Luc, 2400Luc, and 2400DLuc (Fig 1A). The tissue specific expression pattern of promoter deletion constructs was reported previously (Sun et al., 2000). The expression pattern for each construct was same amo ...
... The transgenic mouse lines with mouse prosaposin promoter deletion constructs were 234Luc, 310Luc, 2400Luc, and 2400DLuc (Fig 1A). The tissue specific expression pattern of promoter deletion constructs was reported previously (Sun et al., 2000). The expression pattern for each construct was same amo ...
Variation in copper metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions
... Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required by plants for growth and development. It plays important roles as cofactor in several metabolic processes, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport, oxidative stress responses and hormone perception (Himelblau and Amasini 2000). ...
... Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required by plants for growth and development. It plays important roles as cofactor in several metabolic processes, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport, oxidative stress responses and hormone perception (Himelblau and Amasini 2000). ...
Klf4 Organizes Long-Range Chromosomal
... distinct nuclear architecture of PSCs compared to somatic cells (Jaenisch and Young, 2008; Meshorer et al., 2006) suggests that somatic cells undergo enormous changes in higher-order chromatin structure during reprogramming. Furthermore, since these higher-order structures are implicated in genome-w ...
... distinct nuclear architecture of PSCs compared to somatic cells (Jaenisch and Young, 2008; Meshorer et al., 2006) suggests that somatic cells undergo enormous changes in higher-order chromatin structure during reprogramming. Furthermore, since these higher-order structures are implicated in genome-w ...
Evolutionary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses
... 1999 ; Suzuki et al., 1998 ; Worobey et al., 1999) and in the laboratory (Banner & Lai, 1991 ; Greene & Allison, 1994 ; Kotier et al., 1995 ; Mindich, 1996 ; Palasingam & Shaklee, 1992 ; Weiss & Schlesinger, 1991). They offer a way not just to recover information about recombination events that may ...
... 1999 ; Suzuki et al., 1998 ; Worobey et al., 1999) and in the laboratory (Banner & Lai, 1991 ; Greene & Allison, 1994 ; Kotier et al., 1995 ; Mindich, 1996 ; Palasingam & Shaklee, 1992 ; Weiss & Schlesinger, 1991). They offer a way not just to recover information about recombination events that may ...
RNA-Seq Alignment v1.0 App Guide
... This document and its contents are proprietary to Illumina, Inc. and its affiliates ("Illumina"), and are intended solely for the contractual use of its customer in connection with the use of the product(s) described herein and for no other purpose. This document and its contents shall not be used ...
... This document and its contents are proprietary to Illumina, Inc. and its affiliates ("Illumina"), and are intended solely for the contractual use of its customer in connection with the use of the product(s) described herein and for no other purpose. This document and its contents shall not be used ...
Gene Section MINA (MYC induced nuclear antigen) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... binds to and represses the IL4 promoter. MINA overexpression in transgenic mice impaired IL4 expression, whereas its knockdown in primary CD4(+) T cells led to IL4 de-repression. Therefore MINA controls helper T cell differentiation through an IL4regulatory pathway (Okamoto et al,. 2009). These find ...
... binds to and represses the IL4 promoter. MINA overexpression in transgenic mice impaired IL4 expression, whereas its knockdown in primary CD4(+) T cells led to IL4 de-repression. Therefore MINA controls helper T cell differentiation through an IL4regulatory pathway (Okamoto et al,. 2009). These find ...
Activation of the Interleukin-3 Gene by Chromosome
... The genomic structure in Cases 1 and 2 suggested that a normal IL-3 gene product was over-expressed as a result of the altered promotor structure. This would predict that the IL-3 gene on the translocated chromosome was capable of making IL-3 protein. This prediction was tested by expressing a genom ...
... The genomic structure in Cases 1 and 2 suggested that a normal IL-3 gene product was over-expressed as a result of the altered promotor structure. This would predict that the IL-3 gene on the translocated chromosome was capable of making IL-3 protein. This prediction was tested by expressing a genom ...
Generation and analysis of mutated clonal scFv Jiya George
... Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) incorporates host cellular protein, beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), into its surface envelope during budding. β2m is a cellular protein that belongs to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules. Studies have shown anti-β2m monoclonal antibodies (mAb ...
... Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) incorporates host cellular protein, beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), into its surface envelope during budding. β2m is a cellular protein that belongs to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules. Studies have shown anti-β2m monoclonal antibodies (mAb ...
genomebiology.com
... are the source of ultra-conserved elements within mammalian genomes. However, with this exception there have been no systematic large-scale analyses of the impact of TEs on the transcriptomes of non-mammalian genomes. To address this issue we compiled a dataset of all TE families in the genomes of c ...
... are the source of ultra-conserved elements within mammalian genomes. However, with this exception there have been no systematic large-scale analyses of the impact of TEs on the transcriptomes of non-mammalian genomes. To address this issue we compiled a dataset of all TE families in the genomes of c ...
csirnetugcdec
... Explanation: When a wheel is rolling, and its axle moves at velocity v⃗ , then a point on the top of its circumference will move at velocity 2v⃗. This is copyrighted material of Genesis Academy meant only for personal use, any reproduction in a book or any other material will be require prior permis ...
... Explanation: When a wheel is rolling, and its axle moves at velocity v⃗ , then a point on the top of its circumference will move at velocity 2v⃗. This is copyrighted material of Genesis Academy meant only for personal use, any reproduction in a book or any other material will be require prior permis ...
Oncogenic potential of the DNA replication licensing protein
... note that the onset of the primary tumor formation was very slow, and yet the onset of secondary tumor development was rapid. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the CDT1 level was much higher in NIH3T3/Ris2/Cdt176 derived tumor cells compared to the parental NIH3T3/Ris2/Cdt176 cells, while NIH3 ...
... note that the onset of the primary tumor formation was very slow, and yet the onset of secondary tumor development was rapid. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the CDT1 level was much higher in NIH3T3/Ris2/Cdt176 derived tumor cells compared to the parental NIH3T3/Ris2/Cdt176 cells, while NIH3 ...
Solved paper CSIR NET Life Science December
... Explanation: When a wheel is rolling, and its axle moves at velocity v , then a point on the top of its circumference will move at velocity 2v . This is copyrighted material of Genesis Academy meant only for personal use, any reproduction in a book or any other material will be require prior permiss ...
... Explanation: When a wheel is rolling, and its axle moves at velocity v , then a point on the top of its circumference will move at velocity 2v . This is copyrighted material of Genesis Academy meant only for personal use, any reproduction in a book or any other material will be require prior permiss ...
1 Oviduct-embryo interactions in cattle
... There is clear evidence of a two-way interaction between the uterus and developing conceptus. For example, it has been well demonstrated that circulating progesterone (P4) directly regulates uterine gene expression that, in turn, drives conceptus elongation [2, 3]. Up to the time of maternal recogni ...
... There is clear evidence of a two-way interaction between the uterus and developing conceptus. For example, it has been well demonstrated that circulating progesterone (P4) directly regulates uterine gene expression that, in turn, drives conceptus elongation [2, 3]. Up to the time of maternal recogni ...
A gene expression atlas of a bicoid-depleted
... In developing embryos, gene regulatory networks drive cells towards discrete terminal fates, a process called canalization. We studied the behavior of the anterior-posterior segmentation network in Drosophila melanogaster embryos by depleting a key maternal input, bicoid (bcd), and measuring gene ex ...
... In developing embryos, gene regulatory networks drive cells towards discrete terminal fates, a process called canalization. We studied the behavior of the anterior-posterior segmentation network in Drosophila melanogaster embryos by depleting a key maternal input, bicoid (bcd), and measuring gene ex ...
Induction of XIST expression from the human active
... for HhaI, SstII and AvaI. To determine the methylation status of these sites, genomic DNA isolated from the clones diagrammed in Figure 1 was digested with each restriction enzyme, and then amplified by PCR. Methylated DNA is resistant to digestion, and therefore the template remains uncut and can b ...
... for HhaI, SstII and AvaI. To determine the methylation status of these sites, genomic DNA isolated from the clones diagrammed in Figure 1 was digested with each restriction enzyme, and then amplified by PCR. Methylated DNA is resistant to digestion, and therefore the template remains uncut and can b ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Concept
... Concept 27.5: Prokaryotes and the Biosphere Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere: Many prokaryotes are decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter. Many prokaryotes are symbiotic, forming crucial relationships with other species. Some prokaryotes are pathogenic and cause illness ...
... Concept 27.5: Prokaryotes and the Biosphere Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere: Many prokaryotes are decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter. Many prokaryotes are symbiotic, forming crucial relationships with other species. Some prokaryotes are pathogenic and cause illness ...
DnaJ-related protein essential for placentation - Development
... in only a portion of mutant conceptuses indicating that the VCAM1/α4 integrin interaction is not the only mechanism mediating chorioallantoic fusion. FGF signaling also plays a role in placental development since a hypomorphic mutation in the FGFR2 gene causes either defects in chorioallantoic fusio ...
... in only a portion of mutant conceptuses indicating that the VCAM1/α4 integrin interaction is not the only mechanism mediating chorioallantoic fusion. FGF signaling also plays a role in placental development since a hypomorphic mutation in the FGFR2 gene causes either defects in chorioallantoic fusio ...
Increased Expression of c-jun, junB, AP
... and was clearly increased after 4 hr. c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB proteins were components of the AP-1. There was also a dose-dependent induction of preproenkephalin mRNA, which was most pronounced in the lateral and caudal part of striatum; the level peaked 4 hr after injection and was still significant ...
... and was clearly increased after 4 hr. c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB proteins were components of the AP-1. There was also a dose-dependent induction of preproenkephalin mRNA, which was most pronounced in the lateral and caudal part of striatum; the level peaked 4 hr after injection and was still significant ...
Two enhancer regions in the mouse En-2 locus
... CNS, En-2 is expressed in cells surrounding the developing pituitary (Davis et al., 1988, 1991). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antiserum (aEnhb-1) that detects both En-1 and En-2 protein has shown that one or both genes are expressed in presumptive myoblasts within the ...
... CNS, En-2 is expressed in cells surrounding the developing pituitary (Davis et al., 1988, 1991). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antiserum (aEnhb-1) that detects both En-1 and En-2 protein has shown that one or both genes are expressed in presumptive myoblasts within the ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.