Mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria
... Consequently, the genetic code is degenerate: Except for tryptophan and methionine, the amino acids are encoded by two, four or six different so called synonymous codons. Hence an organism can tune the codon sequence according to its needs without changing the amino acid sequence of the expressed pr ...
... Consequently, the genetic code is degenerate: Except for tryptophan and methionine, the amino acids are encoded by two, four or six different so called synonymous codons. Hence an organism can tune the codon sequence according to its needs without changing the amino acid sequence of the expressed pr ...
Replication of plasmids with the p15A origin in Shewanella
... DNA. While these efficiencies are low, our previous experience with electroporation of other vectors into MR-1 has resulted in similar low efficiencies (unpublished observations). Part of this may result from the restriction of plasmids in S. putrefaciens which have E. coli modification (i.e. which ...
... DNA. While these efficiencies are low, our previous experience with electroporation of other vectors into MR-1 has resulted in similar low efficiencies (unpublished observations). Part of this may result from the restriction of plasmids in S. putrefaciens which have E. coli modification (i.e. which ...
Transgenic Plastids in Basic Research and Plant Biotechnology
... to effective inhibition of plastid protein biosynthesis by spectinomycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic speci®cally blocking translation on prokaryotic-type 70 S ribosomes). A successfully transformed chloroplast expresses the spectinomycin-resistance gene, aadA, thus allowing for continued cell and ...
... to effective inhibition of plastid protein biosynthesis by spectinomycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic speci®cally blocking translation on prokaryotic-type 70 S ribosomes). A successfully transformed chloroplast expresses the spectinomycin-resistance gene, aadA, thus allowing for continued cell and ...
Archives of Microbiology
... of the VnfDG products are altered by this gene fusion, nor whether the unique addition of 21 nucleotides in the vnfDG fusion area of Anabaena sp. CH1 is of functional signiWcance. In a neighbor-joining analysis of all available deduced VnfDG sequences, those from cyanobacteria clustered next to thos ...
... of the VnfDG products are altered by this gene fusion, nor whether the unique addition of 21 nucleotides in the vnfDG fusion area of Anabaena sp. CH1 is of functional signiWcance. In a neighbor-joining analysis of all available deduced VnfDG sequences, those from cyanobacteria clustered next to thos ...
Disclosure All authors have no competing financial relationships to
... TLR7 in PBMCs, resulting in a trend of decreased downstream production of type I IFNs; whereas inhibition of miR-3148 has an opposite effect. ...
... TLR7 in PBMCs, resulting in a trend of decreased downstream production of type I IFNs; whereas inhibition of miR-3148 has an opposite effect. ...
Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase
... endoglucanase gene of B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. Two PCR primers, EN1F and EN1R, were chosen that were predicted to specifically amplify a 1,311 bpDNA fragment of the B. Subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. The Genbank database (NCBI) search for complim ...
... endoglucanase gene of B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. Two PCR primers, EN1F and EN1R, were chosen that were predicted to specifically amplify a 1,311 bpDNA fragment of the B. Subtilis, G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. The Genbank database (NCBI) search for complim ...
Major City Chiefs Position Paper on Sworn vs
... The MCC Forensic Science Committee supports properly accredited forensic laboratories being located within law enforcement agencies whose mission these laboratories are intended to support. This relationship, often, provides background information that permits the forensic scientist to select the mo ...
... The MCC Forensic Science Committee supports properly accredited forensic laboratories being located within law enforcement agencies whose mission these laboratories are intended to support. This relationship, often, provides background information that permits the forensic scientist to select the mo ...
Full wwPDB X-ray Structure Validation Report i
... fraction of residues that contain outliers for >=3, 2, 1 and 0 types of geometric quality criteria. A grey segment represents the fraction of residues that are not modelled. The numeric value for each fraction is indicated below the corresponding segment, with a dot representing fractions <=5% The u ...
... fraction of residues that contain outliers for >=3, 2, 1 and 0 types of geometric quality criteria. A grey segment represents the fraction of residues that are not modelled. The numeric value for each fraction is indicated below the corresponding segment, with a dot representing fractions <=5% The u ...
Temperature-Sensitive Mutations Made Easy: Generating
... S16 and S22 enabled their host yeast to grow at 30°, and thus were discarded. Forty-two alleles were eliminated at this step because of leaky splicing at 30°. Step 5: To eliminate duplicate TS alleles. The remaining 49 alleles were sequenced, and 40 unique alleles were identified (Figure S2). No obv ...
... S16 and S22 enabled their host yeast to grow at 30°, and thus were discarded. Forty-two alleles were eliminated at this step because of leaky splicing at 30°. Step 5: To eliminate duplicate TS alleles. The remaining 49 alleles were sequenced, and 40 unique alleles were identified (Figure S2). No obv ...
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress
... allele and converts it to B0 . The tandem array of seven repeats located 100 kb upstream of the B1 locus (described above) is necessary both to enhance B1 expression (giving rise to the B-I allele) and to silence B1 expression (giving rise to the B0 allele) [20]. Alleles of the P1 myb-like transcrip ...
... allele and converts it to B0 . The tandem array of seven repeats located 100 kb upstream of the B1 locus (described above) is necessary both to enhance B1 expression (giving rise to the B-I allele) and to silence B1 expression (giving rise to the B0 allele) [20]. Alleles of the P1 myb-like transcrip ...
Insights into Protein–DNA Interactions through Structure
... Protein–DNA interactions are crucial for many cellular processes. Now with the increased availability of structures of protein–DNA complexes, gaining deeper insights into the nature of protein–DNA interactions has become possible. Earlier, investigations have characterized the interface properties b ...
... Protein–DNA interactions are crucial for many cellular processes. Now with the increased availability of structures of protein–DNA complexes, gaining deeper insights into the nature of protein–DNA interactions has become possible. Earlier, investigations have characterized the interface properties b ...
RecA maintains the integrity of chloroplast DNA molecules in
... Although our understanding of mechanisms of DNA repair in bacteria and eukaryotic nuclei continues to improve, almost nothing is known about the DNA repair process in plant organelles, especially chloroplasts. Since the RecA protein functions in DNA repair for bacteria, an analogous function may exi ...
... Although our understanding of mechanisms of DNA repair in bacteria and eukaryotic nuclei continues to improve, almost nothing is known about the DNA repair process in plant organelles, especially chloroplasts. Since the RecA protein functions in DNA repair for bacteria, an analogous function may exi ...
Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial DNA of
... is unusually variable. Complete mitochondrial gene organizations have been determined for five molluscan species (representing three different classes): the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, of the class Bivalvia (Hoffmann, Boore, and Brown 1992); the black chiton Katharina tunicata, of the class Polyplac ...
... is unusually variable. Complete mitochondrial gene organizations have been determined for five molluscan species (representing three different classes): the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, of the class Bivalvia (Hoffmann, Boore, and Brown 1992); the black chiton Katharina tunicata, of the class Polyplac ...
1 Heterogeneous lineage marker expression in naive
... We are interested in the case where kA > kB since experimentally recovery from (-) is always slower than from (+). The requirement that all k be nonnegative therefore implies that g < 1/↵⇤ , so the range of possible values is 0 g < 1/↵⇤ . Calculated recovery curves are shown in Fig. S13. In the pl ...
... We are interested in the case where kA > kB since experimentally recovery from (-) is always slower than from (+). The requirement that all k be nonnegative therefore implies that g < 1/↵⇤ , so the range of possible values is 0 g < 1/↵⇤ . Calculated recovery curves are shown in Fig. S13. In the pl ...
Full Text
... We are interested in molecular mechanisms underlying notochord formation in chordate embryos (Satoh and Jeffery, 1995; Takahashi et al., 1999; Hotta et al., 2000; Suzuki and Satoh, 2000). The notochord of the ascidian tadpole larva is composed of 40 cells aligned longitudinally in a single row along ...
... We are interested in molecular mechanisms underlying notochord formation in chordate embryos (Satoh and Jeffery, 1995; Takahashi et al., 1999; Hotta et al., 2000; Suzuki and Satoh, 2000). The notochord of the ascidian tadpole larva is composed of 40 cells aligned longitudinally in a single row along ...
Semiconservative Replication in the Quasispecies Model
... consider the case of L even and L odd separately. Given some DNA molecule {σ, σ̄}, with σ = b1 . . . bL , suppose we have bi = b̄L−i+1 for some i. Then b̄i = bL−i+1 , and hence equality between corresponding bases in σ and σ̄ comes in pairs whenever i 6= L − i + 1. This must always be true, since, i ...
... consider the case of L even and L odd separately. Given some DNA molecule {σ, σ̄}, with σ = b1 . . . bL , suppose we have bi = b̄L−i+1 for some i. Then b̄i = bL−i+1 , and hence equality between corresponding bases in σ and σ̄ comes in pairs whenever i 6= L − i + 1. This must always be true, since, i ...
Two Waves of Nuclear Factor κB Recruitment to Target Promoters
... quence of the NF-B site in MIP-2 (a gene with immediate NF-B recruitment) is identical to the sequence of one of the two NF-B sites in MCP-1 (a gene with delayed NF-B recruitment). Overall, this suggests that the observed differences in the kinetic of NF-B recruitment to the genes under investi ...
... quence of the NF-B site in MIP-2 (a gene with immediate NF-B recruitment) is identical to the sequence of one of the two NF-B sites in MCP-1 (a gene with delayed NF-B recruitment). Overall, this suggests that the observed differences in the kinetic of NF-B recruitment to the genes under investi ...
PDF
... The expression of snail in the hydroid Podocoryne, and the behaviour of cells containing it, have both interesting similarities and differences when compared to the situation in Acropora. During Podocoryne embryonic development snail mRNA, which is provided maternally, is present in all developmenta ...
... The expression of snail in the hydroid Podocoryne, and the behaviour of cells containing it, have both interesting similarities and differences when compared to the situation in Acropora. During Podocoryne embryonic development snail mRNA, which is provided maternally, is present in all developmenta ...
004 - cse.sc.edu
... • Program = a text file that contains instructions for the computer to follow • Programming Language = a set of commands that the computer understands (via a “command interpreter”) • Input = data that is given to the program • Output = something that is produced by the program ...
... • Program = a text file that contains instructions for the computer to follow • Programming Language = a set of commands that the computer understands (via a “command interpreter”) • Input = data that is given to the program • Output = something that is produced by the program ...
The pruned gene encodes the Drosophila serum response factor and regulates cytoplasmic outgrowth during terminal branching of the tracheal system. Development 122, 1353-1362. pdf
... hardened for 48 hours at 70°C. Sections (5 µm thick) were cut on a Reichard ultramicrotome, counterstained with 1% methylene blue, and mounted on microscope slides with Permount. Larvae were dissected in phosphate-buffered saline and fixed in either 1% glutaraldehyde or 2% formaldehyde for 4′,6′diam ...
... hardened for 48 hours at 70°C. Sections (5 µm thick) were cut on a Reichard ultramicrotome, counterstained with 1% methylene blue, and mounted on microscope slides with Permount. Larvae were dissected in phosphate-buffered saline and fixed in either 1% glutaraldehyde or 2% formaldehyde for 4′,6′diam ...
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY
... Ans (1) 22. Choose the incorrect statement from the following. (1) Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue (2) Tendons attach muscle to bone (3) Cartilage is made up of chondrocytes (4) Ciliated epithelium is the modified columnar epithelium Ans (1) 23. What is the function of the enzyme ...
... Ans (1) 22. Choose the incorrect statement from the following. (1) Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue (2) Tendons attach muscle to bone (3) Cartilage is made up of chondrocytes (4) Ciliated epithelium is the modified columnar epithelium Ans (1) 23. What is the function of the enzyme ...
A novel C. elegans zinc finger transcription factor, lsy
... organism is determined and stabilized by feedback loops composed of gene regulatory factors (Monod and Jacob, 1961). The autoregulation of transcription factors has now indeed been recognized as a major feature of gene differentiation programs (Davidson, 2001; Edlund and Jessell, 1999). We have rece ...
... organism is determined and stabilized by feedback loops composed of gene regulatory factors (Monod and Jacob, 1961). The autoregulation of transcription factors has now indeed been recognized as a major feature of gene differentiation programs (Davidson, 2001; Edlund and Jessell, 1999). We have rece ...
Identification of editing positions in the ndhB transcript from maize
... the AUG initiator codon is created by a C-to-U transition from an ACG codon (11). This was followed by a similar observation for the initiator codon of the psbL gene from tobacco chloroplasts (12). That chloroplast editing is not restricted to the rare cases where nonfunctional initiator codons are ...
... the AUG initiator codon is created by a C-to-U transition from an ACG codon (11). This was followed by a similar observation for the initiator codon of the psbL gene from tobacco chloroplasts (12). That chloroplast editing is not restricted to the rare cases where nonfunctional initiator codons are ...
Electrophoresis Revised
... The lab will allow the students to be a forensic detective in their own classroom by analyzing DNA they found at the “crime scene” and comparing it to two suspects DNA. The students will be given a worksheet on Gel Electrophoresis and will also be given picture or what the guilty person’s DNA looks ...
... The lab will allow the students to be a forensic detective in their own classroom by analyzing DNA they found at the “crime scene” and comparing it to two suspects DNA. The students will be given a worksheet on Gel Electrophoresis and will also be given picture or what the guilty person’s DNA looks ...
Spider Silk - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications
... template from which a copy of the other strand is reconstructed by attaching the complementary nucleotide to each nucleotide in the template. This results in two copies of the original DNA molecule. Sometimes mistakes, or mutations, happen during DNA replication. There are three main types of mutati ...
... template from which a copy of the other strand is reconstructed by attaching the complementary nucleotide to each nucleotide in the template. This results in two copies of the original DNA molecule. Sometimes mistakes, or mutations, happen during DNA replication. There are three main types of mutati ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.