Using the Wolbachia Bacterial Symbiont to Teach Inquiry
... were to integrate genetic, cell biology, ecological, and environmental (parthenogenesis), or kill the offspring of an uninfected female when aspects of Wolbachia biology. In this same spirit, a series of integrated its mate is infected (cytoplasmic incompatibility). All these strategies laboratory e ...
... were to integrate genetic, cell biology, ecological, and environmental (parthenogenesis), or kill the offspring of an uninfected female when aspects of Wolbachia biology. In this same spirit, a series of integrated its mate is infected (cytoplasmic incompatibility). All these strategies laboratory e ...
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation
... Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a family of small dsDNA viruses that cause a variety of diseases including cervical cancer. The genome of PVs is modular with three different regions, each of which has a different evolutionary rate [19,20]. These regions are: an upstream regulatory region, an early region ...
... Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a family of small dsDNA viruses that cause a variety of diseases including cervical cancer. The genome of PVs is modular with three different regions, each of which has a different evolutionary rate [19,20]. These regions are: an upstream regulatory region, an early region ...
Adherin - Semantic Scholar
... Small amounts of cohesin subunits co-purify with the Scc2/Scc4 adherin complex, indicating that adherin acts directly on cohesin [17]. Recent chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments with scc2 mutants by Lengronne et al. [14] support this idea, because they indicate that cohesin loads at adherin bi ...
... Small amounts of cohesin subunits co-purify with the Scc2/Scc4 adherin complex, indicating that adherin acts directly on cohesin [17]. Recent chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments with scc2 mutants by Lengronne et al. [14] support this idea, because they indicate that cohesin loads at adherin bi ...
Contig annotation tool CAT robustly classifies assembled
... questions in metagenomics (Handelsman, 2004) i.e. "Who is there?" and "What are they doing?". Read mapping considers each read as an independent observation, whose taxonomic origin and functional class can be estimated by identifying the closest match in a reference database, and tallying these ann ...
... questions in metagenomics (Handelsman, 2004) i.e. "Who is there?" and "What are they doing?". Read mapping considers each read as an independent observation, whose taxonomic origin and functional class can be estimated by identifying the closest match in a reference database, and tallying these ann ...
The Genetics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Figure 6. This figure illustrates the three types of SMN1 mutations: deletions, gene conversion of SMN1 to SMN2, and single nucleotide point mutations. (a) Xs indicate a deletion. A deletion removes part or all of the SMN1 gene. (b) In the case of gene conversion, the SMN1 gene has been converted to ...
... Figure 6. This figure illustrates the three types of SMN1 mutations: deletions, gene conversion of SMN1 to SMN2, and single nucleotide point mutations. (a) Xs indicate a deletion. A deletion removes part or all of the SMN1 gene. (b) In the case of gene conversion, the SMN1 gene has been converted to ...
Antibiotics involved in Clostridium difficile
... colonization by pathogenic bacteria. This first step of infection includes adherence to epithelial cells. We investigated the impact of various environmental conditions in vitro on the expression of genes encoding known, or putative, colonization factors: three adhesins, P47 (one of the two Slayer p ...
... colonization by pathogenic bacteria. This first step of infection includes adherence to epithelial cells. We investigated the impact of various environmental conditions in vitro on the expression of genes encoding known, or putative, colonization factors: three adhesins, P47 (one of the two Slayer p ...
ARTICLES - Weizmann Institute of Science
... for histone–DNA association3); second, when constructing the model we represent the two-fold symmetry axis of the nucleosome structure1 by including the reverse complement of each sequence in the nucleosome collection. More sophisticated nucleosome–DNA interaction models based on mixture models15 or ...
... for histone–DNA association3); second, when constructing the model we represent the two-fold symmetry axis of the nucleosome structure1 by including the reverse complement of each sequence in the nucleosome collection. More sophisticated nucleosome–DNA interaction models based on mixture models15 or ...
Direct Sequence Analysis of the 14q+ and 18q
... region exons (J,), confirming the presence of the t(14;18) translocation in these tumors. The breakpoint on bcl-2 fell within the range of previously determined7 breaks in the mbr region. There was a clear preponderance (5 of 7) for the J, member of the J, family. Most of the J, sequences had some s ...
... region exons (J,), confirming the presence of the t(14;18) translocation in these tumors. The breakpoint on bcl-2 fell within the range of previously determined7 breaks in the mbr region. There was a clear preponderance (5 of 7) for the J, member of the J, family. Most of the J, sequences had some s ...
Collaborative coupling between polymerase and helicase for
... without exhibiting fork regression or pauses. DNA synthesis and unwinding activities were coupled at low forces, but became uncoupled displaying separate activities at high forces or low dNTP concentration. We propose a collaborative model in which the helicase releases the fork regression pressure ...
... without exhibiting fork regression or pauses. DNA synthesis and unwinding activities were coupled at low forces, but became uncoupled displaying separate activities at high forces or low dNTP concentration. We propose a collaborative model in which the helicase releases the fork regression pressure ...
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and
... Once considered strictly selfish sequences, it is today accepted that mobile elements are in fact subtly coevolving with the genome of the hosts in which they thrive (see, e.g., the recent reviews by Feschotte 2008; Venner et al. 2009). Particularly, it has been extensively documented that new, ofte ...
... Once considered strictly selfish sequences, it is today accepted that mobile elements are in fact subtly coevolving with the genome of the hosts in which they thrive (see, e.g., the recent reviews by Feschotte 2008; Venner et al. 2009). Particularly, it has been extensively documented that new, ofte ...
... to MYB domain proteins involved in other processes (Figure 3B). In all cases, the similarity was restricted to the two repeats that make up the MYB domain, whereas no similarities were detectable in the C-terminal half of these proteins (Figure 3B). Comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences showe ...
Surveying Saccharomyces Genomes to Identify Functional Elements
... sequences within proteins, but has been less useful for identifying functional sequence elements in nonprotein-coding DNA because the relatively rapid rate of change of nonprotein-coding sequences and the relative simplicity of non-coding regulatory sequence elements necessitates the comparison of s ...
... sequences within proteins, but has been less useful for identifying functional sequence elements in nonprotein-coding DNA because the relatively rapid rate of change of nonprotein-coding sequences and the relative simplicity of non-coding regulatory sequence elements necessitates the comparison of s ...
E.coli
... 1. The analysis of genome organization and the identification of genes, particularly in organisms with large genome sizes (human DNA is 3 109 bp, for example) is difficult to use plasmid and bacteriophage vectors, since the relatively small size capacity of these vectors for cloned DNA means tha ...
... 1. The analysis of genome organization and the identification of genes, particularly in organisms with large genome sizes (human DNA is 3 109 bp, for example) is difficult to use plasmid and bacteriophage vectors, since the relatively small size capacity of these vectors for cloned DNA means tha ...
Structure, expression and chromosomal location of the Oct
... the relationship between Oct-4 and t 12 is to analyze the genomic structure and sequence of Oct-4 from the t 12 haplotype. A t w5 homozygous revertant ( t w5g unpublished) cosmid library was screened with the same Oct-4 probe to exclude trivial differences between the t- and wild-type sequences. A c ...
... the relationship between Oct-4 and t 12 is to analyze the genomic structure and sequence of Oct-4 from the t 12 haplotype. A t w5 homozygous revertant ( t w5g unpublished) cosmid library was screened with the same Oct-4 probe to exclude trivial differences between the t- and wild-type sequences. A c ...
Jolly Good Knowledge from the Seven Seas Monday,October 9
... 1. What did Mendel experiment with to learn about genetics? Pea plants 2. A scientist who studies heredity is a geneticist. 3. Where do organisms inherit genes from?the parents 4. What are physical characteristics of an organism that are passed down from one generation to the next called? traits ...
... 1. What did Mendel experiment with to learn about genetics? Pea plants 2. A scientist who studies heredity is a geneticist. 3. Where do organisms inherit genes from?the parents 4. What are physical characteristics of an organism that are passed down from one generation to the next called? traits ...
(base) sequence of the genome might reflect biological information
... 2(d), 54 ~ 1,638), respectively. That is, the base sequence of the complete ATP1 gene had self-similarity to the gene-position on chromosome II. Other genes of S. cerevisiae were highly homologous with the gene-position of each chromosome irrespective to the sizes, the order, the direction of transc ...
... 2(d), 54 ~ 1,638), respectively. That is, the base sequence of the complete ATP1 gene had self-similarity to the gene-position on chromosome II. Other genes of S. cerevisiae were highly homologous with the gene-position of each chromosome irrespective to the sizes, the order, the direction of transc ...
Annotation Instruction Sheet A. Information for Beginning Annotators
... As an annotator your job will be to create a gene model that uses as much evidence as you can gather and synthesize that evidence in a thoughtful and biologically consistent way. Your goal is to create a gene model that is consistent with what is known about the basic biology and is best supported b ...
... As an annotator your job will be to create a gene model that uses as much evidence as you can gather and synthesize that evidence in a thoughtful and biologically consistent way. Your goal is to create a gene model that is consistent with what is known about the basic biology and is best supported b ...
miRNA pptx - NUS School of Computing
... One miRNA transcript can only degrade one mRNA transcript Thus miRNA expression changes should not be much different from mRNA expression changes ...
... One miRNA transcript can only degrade one mRNA transcript Thus miRNA expression changes should not be much different from mRNA expression changes ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Developmental Review
... transitions are regulated in C. elegans. In contrast, studies in Drosophila have defined a central role for the steroid hormone ecdysone in directing the major developmental transitions in its life cycle, including molting and metamorphosis. No heterochronic mutant phenotypes that alter the timing o ...
... transitions are regulated in C. elegans. In contrast, studies in Drosophila have defined a central role for the steroid hormone ecdysone in directing the major developmental transitions in its life cycle, including molting and metamorphosis. No heterochronic mutant phenotypes that alter the timing o ...
Physiological characterization of natural transformation in
... electrophoresis on a 0.8 YOagarose gel with single-stranded pAVA213-8 DNA as a marker. To concentrate and to get rid of RNA and some of the chromosomal DNA, fragments, between 2.5 and 11 kb in size, were isolated via electro-elution and after ethanol precipitation, resuspended in 20 p1 T50E20 (singl ...
... electrophoresis on a 0.8 YOagarose gel with single-stranded pAVA213-8 DNA as a marker. To concentrate and to get rid of RNA and some of the chromosomal DNA, fragments, between 2.5 and 11 kb in size, were isolated via electro-elution and after ethanol precipitation, resuspended in 20 p1 T50E20 (singl ...
Presence of a mitochondrial-type 70
... Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that parabasalid hydrogenosomes are modified mitochondria, although the possibility that mitochondria have been completely lost and that another endosymbiosis occurred cannot be excluded. More generally, secondary cytological disappearance of mitochondr ...
... Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that parabasalid hydrogenosomes are modified mitochondria, although the possibility that mitochondria have been completely lost and that another endosymbiosis occurred cannot be excluded. More generally, secondary cytological disappearance of mitochondr ...
UV-Targeted Dinucleotides Are Not Depleted in Light
... content of intergenic sequences and the XpY content of coding sequences, which is strong evidence for general DNA mechanisms common to both coding and intergenic sequences. This shows that in highly constrained CDS sequences, our method is able to recover general signals also present in intergenic s ...
... content of intergenic sequences and the XpY content of coding sequences, which is strong evidence for general DNA mechanisms common to both coding and intergenic sequences. This shows that in highly constrained CDS sequences, our method is able to recover general signals also present in intergenic s ...
Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens
... sexual populations as compared to asexual populations has been viewed as support of this model (Peters and Otto, 2003). 1.3. The DNA repair hypothesis We have proposed that the evolution of sex is a consequence of coping with the two main sources of error in the transmission of genetic information: ...
... sexual populations as compared to asexual populations has been viewed as support of this model (Peters and Otto, 2003). 1.3. The DNA repair hypothesis We have proposed that the evolution of sex is a consequence of coping with the two main sources of error in the transmission of genetic information: ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.