Characterization and regulation of the bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter
... each primer, 10% DMSO, and 1 U Taq polymerase (Invitrogen) in a final volume of 50 ll. PCR conditions were 94 C for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturing at 95 C for 1 min, 58 C for 20 s, and elongation at 72 C for 1 min. Promoter fragments were cloned into a promoter-less luciferase reporte ...
... each primer, 10% DMSO, and 1 U Taq polymerase (Invitrogen) in a final volume of 50 ll. PCR conditions were 94 C for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturing at 95 C for 1 min, 58 C for 20 s, and elongation at 72 C for 1 min. Promoter fragments were cloned into a promoter-less luciferase reporte ...
Lampetra fluviatilis Neurotrophin Homolog, Descendant of a
... The generation of a phylogenetic tree is dependent on caref ul alignment of the sequences in a matrix that is used for the calculations, and nonhomologous characters should be excluded from the alignments. Three sequence matrices with aligned sequences were constructed: two with neurotrophin and one ...
... The generation of a phylogenetic tree is dependent on caref ul alignment of the sequences in a matrix that is used for the calculations, and nonhomologous characters should be excluded from the alignments. Three sequence matrices with aligned sequences were constructed: two with neurotrophin and one ...
Genotyping BoLA-DRB3 alleles in Brazilian Dairy Gir cattle (Bos
... We tested some of the alleles considered to have similar sequences, using the POLAND methodology as given on the website (data not shown). These tests were carried out for DNA-DNA molecules and default assumptions and settings. Some of the alleles presented differences in simulated thermal denaturat ...
... We tested some of the alleles considered to have similar sequences, using the POLAND methodology as given on the website (data not shown). These tests were carried out for DNA-DNA molecules and default assumptions and settings. Some of the alleles presented differences in simulated thermal denaturat ...
Endogenous Retroviral Elements in Human DNA1
... use tRNApr" molecules as primers for reverse transcription. Screening a human genomic library with either a mouse tRNApr" (22) or a synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to a retroviral tRNApro primer-binding site (23) yielded various retroviral sequences of 5 to 9 kilobases. Nucleotide sequencing ...
... use tRNApr" molecules as primers for reverse transcription. Screening a human genomic library with either a mouse tRNApr" (22) or a synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to a retroviral tRNApro primer-binding site (23) yielded various retroviral sequences of 5 to 9 kilobases. Nucleotide sequencing ...
Organization of chromosomes in the interphase cell - UvA-DARE
... A functional model of higher order organization of chromatin in chromosome territories is the interchromosomal domain (ICD) model (Cremer et al., 1993; Zirbel et al., 1993). This model postulates space between chromosome territories in which transport takes place and enzyme complexes are formed, thu ...
... A functional model of higher order organization of chromatin in chromosome territories is the interchromosomal domain (ICD) model (Cremer et al., 1993; Zirbel et al., 1993). This model postulates space between chromosome territories in which transport takes place and enzyme complexes are formed, thu ...
Getting a Transcription Factor to Only One Nucleus Following Mitosis
... treatment results in Ace2, but not Cbk1, accumulation in mother cell nuclei. This result is consistent with the idea that the Cbk1 protein itself is restricted to daughter cells, providing a mechanism for daughter-specific transcriptional activation by Ace2. However, one observation is not consisten ...
... treatment results in Ace2, but not Cbk1, accumulation in mother cell nuclei. This result is consistent with the idea that the Cbk1 protein itself is restricted to daughter cells, providing a mechanism for daughter-specific transcriptional activation by Ace2. However, one observation is not consisten ...
Screening of a Specific Point Mutation in Tumor Suppressor p53
... antibody PAb 1801 used in this study reacts only with human p53, recognizes a more stable epitope on the p53 protein and might also detect product of mutated p53 gene. The normal p53 protein is assumed to play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle, and the protein itself is strictly regu ...
... antibody PAb 1801 used in this study reacts only with human p53, recognizes a more stable epitope on the p53 protein and might also detect product of mutated p53 gene. The normal p53 protein is assumed to play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle, and the protein itself is strictly regu ...
Using an Alu Insertion Polymorphism to Study Human
... Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for the endonuclease AluI in its middle. Although Alu is sometimes called a “jumping gene,” it is not properly a gene, because it does not prod ...
... Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for the endonuclease AluI in its middle. Although Alu is sometimes called a “jumping gene,” it is not properly a gene, because it does not prod ...
Epigenetic memory in mammals
... determined by DNA sequence alone and may result in an epigenetic memory, which like genetic memory can be stably inherited and passed onto progeny through meiosis, although epigenetic inheritance mainly defies Mendelian laws. Epigenetic modifications can also be propagated through mitotic cell divisio ...
... determined by DNA sequence alone and may result in an epigenetic memory, which like genetic memory can be stably inherited and passed onto progeny through meiosis, although epigenetic inheritance mainly defies Mendelian laws. Epigenetic modifications can also be propagated through mitotic cell divisio ...
"Silencing of Gene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Small
... transfection with two siRNAs, an irrelevant siRNA as a negative control, and a Cy3labeled siRNA as a positive control, at six different concentrations for an assay period of 24 hr. It is strongly recommended to perform another round of transfection with adjusted cell density to optimize the transfec ...
... transfection with two siRNAs, an irrelevant siRNA as a negative control, and a Cy3labeled siRNA as a positive control, at six different concentrations for an assay period of 24 hr. It is strongly recommended to perform another round of transfection with adjusted cell density to optimize the transfec ...
How Biologists Conceptualize Genes: An empirical study
... and splicing the primary mRNA transcript in alternative ways. One response to introns is to use the abovementioned strategy of retaining a unitary function for each gene by moving the function closer to the DNA itself. If a gene is defined as the stretch of DNA coding for a single primary mRNA trans ...
... and splicing the primary mRNA transcript in alternative ways. One response to introns is to use the abovementioned strategy of retaining a unitary function for each gene by moving the function closer to the DNA itself. If a gene is defined as the stretch of DNA coding for a single primary mRNA trans ...
Caenorhabditis elegans chromosome arms are anchored to the
... Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
... Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ...
Gene Section HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... the desacetylation of lysine residues present at the N-terminal tail of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). HDAC2 heterodimerise with HDAC1, but the heterodimer cannot bind to DNA, so they have to be recruited by transcription factors such as YY1, SP1/SP3, the tumor suppressor genes p53 and BRCA ...
... the desacetylation of lysine residues present at the N-terminal tail of histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). HDAC2 heterodimerise with HDAC1, but the heterodimer cannot bind to DNA, so they have to be recruited by transcription factors such as YY1, SP1/SP3, the tumor suppressor genes p53 and BRCA ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
... is generally reserved for DNA molecules produced by joining segments derived from different biological sources. The recombinant DNA molecule is placed in a host cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The host cell then replicates (producing a clone), and the vector with its foreign piece of DNA als ...
... is generally reserved for DNA molecules produced by joining segments derived from different biological sources. The recombinant DNA molecule is placed in a host cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The host cell then replicates (producing a clone), and the vector with its foreign piece of DNA als ...
A Fine Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 5
... clones CIC11D9 and CIC6A9 have already been mapped on contig IV of chromosome 4.9 A PI clone, MJO17, containing the PDC1 gene also has the ATH1 gene24 which is used as a characterization marker of chromosome 4 and has also been mapped on CIC11D9 and CIC6A9.9 Therefore, we concluded that the PDC1 gen ...
... clones CIC11D9 and CIC6A9 have already been mapped on contig IV of chromosome 4.9 A PI clone, MJO17, containing the PDC1 gene also has the ATH1 gene24 which is used as a characterization marker of chromosome 4 and has also been mapped on CIC11D9 and CIC6A9.9 Therefore, we concluded that the PDC1 gen ...
Hemoglobin research and the origins of molecular
... transport O2, CO, and NO.4 CO2 is transported in the blood in solution and by interactions with the amino-terminal residues of hemoglobin as a weak carbamino complex and not by binding to the iron atoms. In recent years, knowledge of the properties of the characteristic folds of each of the globin p ...
... transport O2, CO, and NO.4 CO2 is transported in the blood in solution and by interactions with the amino-terminal residues of hemoglobin as a weak carbamino complex and not by binding to the iron atoms. In recent years, knowledge of the properties of the characteristic folds of each of the globin p ...
Analysis of Drosophila Species Genome Size and Satellite DNA
... flow cytometry, Feulgen densitometry, molecular weight determinations, and sequencing, and employed different tissue types such as ovaries, sperm, testes, brains, whole bodies, and hemacytes. These methodological inconsistencies, coupled with an absence of information on the contribution of various ...
... flow cytometry, Feulgen densitometry, molecular weight determinations, and sequencing, and employed different tissue types such as ovaries, sperm, testes, brains, whole bodies, and hemacytes. These methodological inconsistencies, coupled with an absence of information on the contribution of various ...
Slide 1
... •High-scoring segments are progressively assembled into larger and larger sequences •The score of an alignment is calculated from the block and not from individual residues •Sequence regions between block are left unaligned •Very suited to alignment of divergent sequences ...
... •High-scoring segments are progressively assembled into larger and larger sequences •The score of an alignment is calculated from the block and not from individual residues •Sequence regions between block are left unaligned •Very suited to alignment of divergent sequences ...
PDF - The Journal of General Physiology
... Release of DNA.--In Table I the results are given of star counting on the unseparated material resulting from osmotic shock, urea, pyrophosphate, and arginine treatment. In each case the specific viscosity increased to the value listed at the top of the table. Since prolonged treatment did not produ ...
... Release of DNA.--In Table I the results are given of star counting on the unseparated material resulting from osmotic shock, urea, pyrophosphate, and arginine treatment. In each case the specific viscosity increased to the value listed at the top of the table. Since prolonged treatment did not produ ...
microbial genetics
... maintenance mechanisms, and drug resistance and colicin production. In bacteria, plasmid transfer occurs through transformation and conjugation. Often it is useful to transfer a nontransmissible plasmid to a specific host cell. It is possible to transfer the purified DNA as long as a genetic selecti ...
... maintenance mechanisms, and drug resistance and colicin production. In bacteria, plasmid transfer occurs through transformation and conjugation. Often it is useful to transfer a nontransmissible plasmid to a specific host cell. It is possible to transfer the purified DNA as long as a genetic selecti ...
Do nonasterid holoparasitic flowering plants have plastid genomes?
... For Corynaea, the smallest probabilities were to Chondrus (a red alga) and Chlorella (a green alga). Phylogenetic analyses using parasimony also place all the holoparasite sequences on a clade within the angiosperms, not among algal or bacterial groups (results not shown). Plastid SSU sequences can ...
... For Corynaea, the smallest probabilities were to Chondrus (a red alga) and Chlorella (a green alga). Phylogenetic analyses using parasimony also place all the holoparasite sequences on a clade within the angiosperms, not among algal or bacterial groups (results not shown). Plastid SSU sequences can ...
ACLS CH05 - CTCE Moodle
... FIGURE 35-5 DNA holds the individual genetic code for each person. Each strand of DNA is made up of a series of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides determines which protein is synthesized. (Courtesy Joan M. Beck.) Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier ...
... FIGURE 35-5 DNA holds the individual genetic code for each person. Each strand of DNA is made up of a series of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides determines which protein is synthesized. (Courtesy Joan M. Beck.) Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier ...
Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Modular
... geminiviruses, these proteins can show specificity for replication of their cognate genomes. The A and B genome components are usually only infectious on plants when both are derived from the same geminivirus. Studies carried out with squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV) and tomato golden mosaic virus (TG ...
... geminiviruses, these proteins can show specificity for replication of their cognate genomes. The A and B genome components are usually only infectious on plants when both are derived from the same geminivirus. Studies carried out with squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV) and tomato golden mosaic virus (TG ...
Recurrent patterns of DNA copy number alterations in tumors reflect
... amplicons? It really will be important to know whether these expression data point to glycolysisrelated genes as likely targets. Copy-number amplification is widely understood as a means of tumors to increase the expression level of 'amplicon target genes'. The authors invest a lot of effort to show ...
... amplicons? It really will be important to know whether these expression data point to glycolysisrelated genes as likely targets. Copy-number amplification is widely understood as a means of tumors to increase the expression level of 'amplicon target genes'. The authors invest a lot of effort to show ...
Relationship between expression and methylation of obesity
... genes in a single multiplexed reaction (16,17). Recently, nCounter has been utilised for transcriptomics in studies investigating a variety of topics including cancer (18,19), infectious disease (20) and immunology (21), but has yet to be employed in the assessment of expression changes associated w ...
... genes in a single multiplexed reaction (16,17). Recently, nCounter has been utilised for transcriptomics in studies investigating a variety of topics including cancer (18,19), infectious disease (20) and immunology (21), but has yet to be employed in the assessment of expression changes associated w ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.