Polycomb Group silencers collaborate with Notch pathway to cause
... induced on the eyeful chromosome did so. The examples depicted were chosen because they are representative individual of each cross. The crosses were repeated at least three times for each genotype and the F1 progeny were compared with progeny resulting from a parallel cross of the parental unmutage ...
... induced on the eyeful chromosome did so. The examples depicted were chosen because they are representative individual of each cross. The crosses were repeated at least three times for each genotype and the F1 progeny were compared with progeny resulting from a parallel cross of the parental unmutage ...
SMAD proteins of oligodendroglial cells regulate transcription of JC
... promoter was ,2 RLU, whilst that of the E promoter was approximately 10 RLU. Differences in the exact basal RLU numbers between Figs 1 and 2 were probably due to minor differences in the numbers of cells cultured. In this case, stimulation of the E promoter was more than 7-fold at the optimum concen ...
... promoter was ,2 RLU, whilst that of the E promoter was approximately 10 RLU. Differences in the exact basal RLU numbers between Figs 1 and 2 were probably due to minor differences in the numbers of cells cultured. In this case, stimulation of the E promoter was more than 7-fold at the optimum concen ...
A systemic gene silencing method suitable for high throughput
... nurtures the young embryo. We have used the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii as a model system for studying gametophyte development because Ceratopteris gametophytes are autotrophic, small (~1 mm) and develop rapidly [1]. They can also be manipulated to develop as males or hermaphrodites by t ...
... nurtures the young embryo. We have used the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii as a model system for studying gametophyte development because Ceratopteris gametophytes are autotrophic, small (~1 mm) and develop rapidly [1]. They can also be manipulated to develop as males or hermaphrodites by t ...
SNP Analysis of the PTC Gene Using PCR
... base pair has been deleted or added to a sequence. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people. They occur more frequently in the non-coding regions of genes and in regions between genes. Although these SNPs do not automatically translate into amino acids they may still affect pr ...
... base pair has been deleted or added to a sequence. SNPs are the most common type of genetic variation among people. They occur more frequently in the non-coding regions of genes and in regions between genes. Although these SNPs do not automatically translate into amino acids they may still affect pr ...
Transcriptional analysis of the gene for glutamine synthetase II and
... Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK) provides further evidence that S. coelicolor GSI is post-translationally modi®ed by Ntr-like proteins. Fisher and Wray (1989) have shown that glnA is monocistronically transcribed from the same promoter during all phases of growth; the sequence of this promoter is compati ...
... Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK) provides further evidence that S. coelicolor GSI is post-translationally modi®ed by Ntr-like proteins. Fisher and Wray (1989) have shown that glnA is monocistronically transcribed from the same promoter during all phases of growth; the sequence of this promoter is compati ...
INTRODUCTION - Mount Holyoke College
... Our findings show that how is essential for multiple developmental processes that involve interactions between cells and groups of cells. The pleiotropic function of how may further suggest that the related worm gld-1 and mouse qk1 genes are also more pleiotropic than ...
... Our findings show that how is essential for multiple developmental processes that involve interactions between cells and groups of cells. The pleiotropic function of how may further suggest that the related worm gld-1 and mouse qk1 genes are also more pleiotropic than ...
Detection of genetically modified cotton seeds using PCR
... (30 sec each) beginning at 50°C for melting curve analysis to confirm the specificity of the amplification products. Thermocycling was performed in a final volume of 25 µL (10.5 µL of water, 0.2 µM of each primer, 1 µL of genomic DNA and 12.5 µL of 2X iQ SYBR Green Supermix; Bio-Rad). The real-time ...
... (30 sec each) beginning at 50°C for melting curve analysis to confirm the specificity of the amplification products. Thermocycling was performed in a final volume of 25 µL (10.5 µL of water, 0.2 µM of each primer, 1 µL of genomic DNA and 12.5 µL of 2X iQ SYBR Green Supermix; Bio-Rad). The real-time ...
Phylogeny of elasmobranchs based on LSU and SSU ribosomal
... that sharks are monophyletic with Squatina and pristiophoriforms being squalomorphs, and they statistically rejected the Hypnosqualea clade. This is a strong challenge to prevailing ideas. The present study used an even larger, independent set of gene sequences to evaluate which of the two major hyp ...
... that sharks are monophyletic with Squatina and pristiophoriforms being squalomorphs, and they statistically rejected the Hypnosqualea clade. This is a strong challenge to prevailing ideas. The present study used an even larger, independent set of gene sequences to evaluate which of the two major hyp ...
Gene Section NACC1 (nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN
... between DNA and RNA copy number in ovarian highgrade serous carcinomas (Shih et al., 2011). Additionally, NAC1 up-regulation is associated with disease aggressiveness and contributes to the development of chemo-resistance (Nakayama et al., 2006; Jinawath et al., 2009; Nakayama et al., 2010; Zhang et ...
... between DNA and RNA copy number in ovarian highgrade serous carcinomas (Shih et al., 2011). Additionally, NAC1 up-regulation is associated with disease aggressiveness and contributes to the development of chemo-resistance (Nakayama et al., 2006; Jinawath et al., 2009; Nakayama et al., 2010; Zhang et ...
Living Things
... Mutations Mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis. As a result, the organism’s trait, or phenotype, may be different from what it normally would have been. ...
... Mutations Mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis. As a result, the organism’s trait, or phenotype, may be different from what it normally would have been. ...
Failures in Mitochondrial tRNA and tRNA Metabolism
... Abstract—We report here on the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of 1 Han Chinese family with maternally transmitted hypertension. Three of 7 matrilineal relatives in this 4-generation family exhibited the variable degree of essential hypertension at the age at onset, ranging from 35 ...
... Abstract—We report here on the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of 1 Han Chinese family with maternally transmitted hypertension. Three of 7 matrilineal relatives in this 4-generation family exhibited the variable degree of essential hypertension at the age at onset, ranging from 35 ...
Document
... Once chips have gone through the DATCELExpression Measure process, changes in gene expression between conditions or over time can be observed. ...
... Once chips have gone through the DATCELExpression Measure process, changes in gene expression between conditions or over time can be observed. ...
Leapfrogging: primordial germ cell transplantation
... occurs in the F2 generation following F1 intercrosses. Thus, mutant analyses will require multi-generational studies. Second, when targeting essential genes, efficient mutagenesis of founders is often lethal, preventing the acquisition of mature animals. Reducing mutagenesis levels may improve found ...
... occurs in the F2 generation following F1 intercrosses. Thus, mutant analyses will require multi-generational studies. Second, when targeting essential genes, efficient mutagenesis of founders is often lethal, preventing the acquisition of mature animals. Reducing mutagenesis levels may improve found ...
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIA and VIIB result from splice
... a2(I) chains (families A–F; Fig. 2A), whereas the seventh (family G) accumulated a chain that comigrated with pNa1(I) chains (Fig. 2C). These findings suggested that, in the affected individuals from families A–F, mutations affected the cleavage of the aminoterminal propeptide of the proa2(I) chains ...
... a2(I) chains (families A–F; Fig. 2A), whereas the seventh (family G) accumulated a chain that comigrated with pNa1(I) chains (Fig. 2C). These findings suggested that, in the affected individuals from families A–F, mutations affected the cleavage of the aminoterminal propeptide of the proa2(I) chains ...
Trawling DNA Databases for Partial Matches: What is the FBI Afraid
... DNA evidence is often presented as the "gold standard"for forensic science. But this was not always the case. For years, eminent scientists complained that the estimates of the tiny frequencies of DNA types were unfounded. It took scores of research papers, dozens of judicial opinions, and two commi ...
... DNA evidence is often presented as the "gold standard"for forensic science. But this was not always the case. For years, eminent scientists complained that the estimates of the tiny frequencies of DNA types were unfounded. It took scores of research papers, dozens of judicial opinions, and two commi ...
Invited Review: How sleep deprivation affects gene expression in
... expression in the brain: a review of recent findings. J Appl Physiol 92: 394–400, 2002.—The identification of the molecular correlates of sleep and wakefulness is essential to understand the restorative processes occurring during sleep, the cellular mechanisms underlying sleep regulation, and the fu ...
... expression in the brain: a review of recent findings. J Appl Physiol 92: 394–400, 2002.—The identification of the molecular correlates of sleep and wakefulness is essential to understand the restorative processes occurring during sleep, the cellular mechanisms underlying sleep regulation, and the fu ...
Abundant RNA editing sites of chloroplast protein
... and it mostly converts C to U, although hornwort and fern have abundant U to C editing. Moreover, the editing events have also been detected in tRNAs, introns and the untranslated regions [19, 20]. RNA editing is essential for the normal development of plant and is involved in a wide variety of biol ...
... and it mostly converts C to U, although hornwort and fern have abundant U to C editing. Moreover, the editing events have also been detected in tRNAs, introns and the untranslated regions [19, 20]. RNA editing is essential for the normal development of plant and is involved in a wide variety of biol ...
Expression analysis of Arc in mouse brain Theresa Köhler
... Instinctive care for offspring is widely spread in nature. One type of brood care can be found in animals like insects and spiders. Ants, termites, wasps and bees protect their larvae by building nests and offer nutrition. Digger wasps, for example, paralyze insects and carry those to the nest to fe ...
... Instinctive care for offspring is widely spread in nature. One type of brood care can be found in animals like insects and spiders. Ants, termites, wasps and bees protect their larvae by building nests and offer nutrition. Digger wasps, for example, paralyze insects and carry those to the nest to fe ...
PDF
... activating Gtl2 transcription and its downstream non-coding RNAs. Transcription of these genes in turn suppresses expression of PEGs on the same chromosome (da Rocha et al., 2008). Gtl2 is the first maternally expressed gene downstream of the IG-DMR. The Gtl2 gene contains a well-defined TATA-contai ...
... activating Gtl2 transcription and its downstream non-coding RNAs. Transcription of these genes in turn suppresses expression of PEGs on the same chromosome (da Rocha et al., 2008). Gtl2 is the first maternally expressed gene downstream of the IG-DMR. The Gtl2 gene contains a well-defined TATA-contai ...
20Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination
... Organisms vary greatly in the relative prominence of the haploid and diploid phases of their life cycles, as shown for some representative groups in Figure 20-4. Some fungi are examples of sexually reproducing organisms whose life cycles are primarily haploid but include a brief diploid phase that b ...
... Organisms vary greatly in the relative prominence of the haploid and diploid phases of their life cycles, as shown for some representative groups in Figure 20-4. Some fungi are examples of sexually reproducing organisms whose life cycles are primarily haploid but include a brief diploid phase that b ...
Cloning and characterisation of a cysteine proteinase gene
... cDNA library from L. (L.) amazonensis amastigotes was constructed in lZipLox vector and screened with Llacys1 gene as a probe. Two clones were isolated and sequenced, one of 1.6 kb (2A1) and another of 2.4 kb (3A4). They showed an ORF encoding cysteine proteinase (ORF 1) which is 100% identical to t ...
... cDNA library from L. (L.) amazonensis amastigotes was constructed in lZipLox vector and screened with Llacys1 gene as a probe. Two clones were isolated and sequenced, one of 1.6 kb (2A1) and another of 2.4 kb (3A4). They showed an ORF encoding cysteine proteinase (ORF 1) which is 100% identical to t ...
Genome-wide characteristics of sequence coverage by next
... CSIRO. Nescent August 2011 - Measuring Expression ...
... CSIRO. Nescent August 2011 - Measuring Expression ...
GCF (T-14): sc-133419 - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
... GCF (GC-rich sequence DNA-binding factor), also known as C2orf3 (chromosome 2 open reading frame 3), transcription factor 9 (TCF-9) or DNABF, is a 781 amino acid nuclear protein that belongs to the GCF family. Widely expressed, GCF binds the GC-rich sequences of β-Actin, EGFR and calciumdependent pr ...
... GCF (GC-rich sequence DNA-binding factor), also known as C2orf3 (chromosome 2 open reading frame 3), transcription factor 9 (TCF-9) or DNABF, is a 781 amino acid nuclear protein that belongs to the GCF family. Widely expressed, GCF binds the GC-rich sequences of β-Actin, EGFR and calciumdependent pr ...
PPT - Bruce Blumberg
... • library construction and use • gene identification • functional analysis – point out some of the pitfalls of various methods and why certain methods are not appropriate to answer particular questions • Please feel free to ask me questions at any time ...
... • library construction and use • gene identification • functional analysis – point out some of the pitfalls of various methods and why certain methods are not appropriate to answer particular questions • Please feel free to ask me questions at any time ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.