Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens
... sexual populations as compared to asexual populations has been viewed as support of this model (Peters and Otto, 2003). 1.3. The DNA repair hypothesis We have proposed that the evolution of sex is a consequence of coping with the two main sources of error in the transmission of genetic information: ...
... sexual populations as compared to asexual populations has been viewed as support of this model (Peters and Otto, 2003). 1.3. The DNA repair hypothesis We have proposed that the evolution of sex is a consequence of coping with the two main sources of error in the transmission of genetic information: ...
Sequence Heterogeneities Among 16s
... coli). These sequences have been analyzed by neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and parsimony. The robustness of each topology was assessed by bootstrap. Sequences were obtained for the seven rrn operons of E. coli strain PK3. These data demonstrated differences located in three highly variable d ...
... coli). These sequences have been analyzed by neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and parsimony. The robustness of each topology was assessed by bootstrap. Sequences were obtained for the seven rrn operons of E. coli strain PK3. These data demonstrated differences located in three highly variable d ...
Analysis of the histone H3 gene family in Arabidopsis and
... found at a single locus identified by Chaubet et al. (1992) correspond to At4g40030 and At4g40040. All four H3 genes in these two loci are expressed in the Arabidopsis plant, as shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), expressed sequence tagging (EST) and Affymetrix chip da ...
... found at a single locus identified by Chaubet et al. (1992) correspond to At4g40030 and At4g40040. All four H3 genes in these two loci are expressed in the Arabidopsis plant, as shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), expressed sequence tagging (EST) and Affymetrix chip da ...
1 - life.illinois.edu
... DNA). The lambda phage grown on the E. coli K (P1) host is modified for both K and P1 sites so they are resistant to both K and P1 restriction systems. b. In a second experiment, they labeled lambda DNA of phage growing in E. coli K (P1) with 32P so that the newly synthesized DNA in the phage was ra ...
... DNA). The lambda phage grown on the E. coli K (P1) host is modified for both K and P1 sites so they are resistant to both K and P1 restriction systems. b. In a second experiment, they labeled lambda DNA of phage growing in E. coli K (P1) with 32P so that the newly synthesized DNA in the phage was ra ...
Technique ChIC and ChEC: Genomic Mapping of Chromatin Proteins
... The ChIC method (chromatin immunocleavage) consists of tethering a fusion protein (pA-MN) consisting of micrococcal nuclease (MN) and staphylococcal protein A to specifically bound antibodies. The nuclease is kept inactive during the tethering process (no Ca2ⴙ). The ChEC method (chromatin endogenous ...
... The ChIC method (chromatin immunocleavage) consists of tethering a fusion protein (pA-MN) consisting of micrococcal nuclease (MN) and staphylococcal protein A to specifically bound antibodies. The nuclease is kept inactive during the tethering process (no Ca2ⴙ). The ChEC method (chromatin endogenous ...
Recruitment of Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins to
... of a heterologous DNA sequence, although the absence of PSS and the weaker binding observed in the synthetic PRE compared to the natural Ab-Fab sequence suggests that other Ab-Fab DNA sequences might contribute to robust tethering of PcG proteins and to the pairing sensitivity. In order to evaluate ...
... of a heterologous DNA sequence, although the absence of PSS and the weaker binding observed in the synthetic PRE compared to the natural Ab-Fab sequence suggests that other Ab-Fab DNA sequences might contribute to robust tethering of PcG proteins and to the pairing sensitivity. In order to evaluate ...
A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes
... For each of the six genomes included in our survey, we determined the number of tDNAs and tRNA pseudogenes as well as the number of organellar tRNA genes inserted into the nuclear genomes (Table 1). We cannot exclude the possibility that a few of the transferred organellar tRNA genes became function ...
... For each of the six genomes included in our survey, we determined the number of tDNAs and tRNA pseudogenes as well as the number of organellar tRNA genes inserted into the nuclear genomes (Table 1). We cannot exclude the possibility that a few of the transferred organellar tRNA genes became function ...
Demarcation of coding and non-coding regions of DNA using linear
... has shown the fact that the exons can be considered as a sequence of signal and noise, whereas introns are noise-like sequences. Fourier Transform of an exonic sequence exhibits a peak at frequency sample value k = N/3 where N is the length of the FFT transform. This property is referred to as the p ...
... has shown the fact that the exons can be considered as a sequence of signal and noise, whereas introns are noise-like sequences. Fourier Transform of an exonic sequence exhibits a peak at frequency sample value k = N/3 where N is the length of the FFT transform. This property is referred to as the p ...
Identification of a novel duplication in the APC gene using multiple
... Among a series of unrelated patients clinically diagnosed with FAP, 15 negative results were obtained by screening for APC germline mutations using dHPLC and direct sequencing of all samples exhibiting abnormal dHPLC profiles. We then used MLPA analysis to screen those samples for exon deletions or ...
... Among a series of unrelated patients clinically diagnosed with FAP, 15 negative results were obtained by screening for APC germline mutations using dHPLC and direct sequencing of all samples exhibiting abnormal dHPLC profiles. We then used MLPA analysis to screen those samples for exon deletions or ...
Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray Kit
... Figures A & B depict Agilent’s proven process for ‘superclustering’ and choosing multiple probes within a GeneBin (gene and associated transcripts). In many cases, more than one consensus region will be selected for a given GeneBin. Figure A demonstrates the selection of consensus regions and probes ...
... Figures A & B depict Agilent’s proven process for ‘superclustering’ and choosing multiple probes within a GeneBin (gene and associated transcripts). In many cases, more than one consensus region will be selected for a given GeneBin. Figure A demonstrates the selection of consensus regions and probes ...
Origin of New Genes: Evidence from Experimental
... exhaustive comparison of an exon database derived from GenBank (Long et al., 1996), we found that this portion of the gene had a high identity with the first three exons in the gapdh gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (the identity at the level of amino acid sequences between the ...
... exhaustive comparison of an exon database derived from GenBank (Long et al., 1996), we found that this portion of the gene had a high identity with the first three exons in the gapdh gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (the identity at the level of amino acid sequences between the ...
A Twist-like bHLH gene is a downstream factor of an
... BlastP searches were Twist and Atonal (E-value>3E-07). We identified two Ciona savignyi cDNA clones for their orthologs (AB105881 and AB105882). One was 1069 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 318 amino acid residues, and the other was 1211 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 255 amino ...
... BlastP searches were Twist and Atonal (E-value>3E-07). We identified two Ciona savignyi cDNA clones for their orthologs (AB105881 and AB105882). One was 1069 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 318 amino acid residues, and the other was 1211 bp in length and encoded a polypeptide of 255 amino ...
Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows
... modified to integrate into a desired DNA target site. Group II introns can be made to insert into virtually any DNA sequence with frequencies in E. coli of 0.1-22% (Karberg et al., 2001). In theory, group II introns can function in any bacterial taxa into which plasmid DNA can be delivered because ...
... modified to integrate into a desired DNA target site. Group II introns can be made to insert into virtually any DNA sequence with frequencies in E. coli of 0.1-22% (Karberg et al., 2001). In theory, group II introns can function in any bacterial taxa into which plasmid DNA can be delivered because ...
CHAPTER 14 DNA applications in society
... produce sufficient growth hormone for use, very large numbers of pituitary glands from cadavers were required. Each batch of hGH was derived from a pool of pituitary glands from about 16 000 cadavers. During a year, patients received their hGH injections from two or three different batches. (A batc ...
... produce sufficient growth hormone for use, very large numbers of pituitary glands from cadavers were required. Each batch of hGH was derived from a pool of pituitary glands from about 16 000 cadavers. During a year, patients received their hGH injections from two or three different batches. (A batc ...
Molecular characterization of dioxygenases from polycyclic aromatic
... degraders, were positive in both tests. From the three positive strains, complete open reading frames of the nidA and nidB genes were amplified by PCR, using primers designed according to the known nidA and nidB sequences from PYR-1, cloned in the pBAD/ThioTOPO vector and sequenced. The sequences sh ...
... degraders, were positive in both tests. From the three positive strains, complete open reading frames of the nidA and nidB genes were amplified by PCR, using primers designed according to the known nidA and nidB sequences from PYR-1, cloned in the pBAD/ThioTOPO vector and sequenced. The sequences sh ...
An SMN-Dependent U12 Splicing Event Essential for Motor
... effects of SMN deficiency on snRNP biology in vivo. Spliceosomal snRNPs comprise two distinct classes, each dedicated to the removal of different intron types. Most eukaryotic introns are processed by the major (U2-dependent) spliceosome formed by U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 snRNPs, whereas a small propo ...
... effects of SMN deficiency on snRNP biology in vivo. Spliceosomal snRNPs comprise two distinct classes, each dedicated to the removal of different intron types. Most eukaryotic introns are processed by the major (U2-dependent) spliceosome formed by U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 snRNPs, whereas a small propo ...
Alnylam Licenses Intellectual Property from Cold Spring Harbor
... has built in the fundamental patents, technology, and know-how that underlie the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi therapeutics Under the terms of the agreement, Alnylam receives a non-exclusive license from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to therapeutic uses of patent applications ...
... has built in the fundamental patents, technology, and know-how that underlie the discovery, development and commercialization of RNAi therapeutics Under the terms of the agreement, Alnylam receives a non-exclusive license from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to therapeutic uses of patent applications ...
Smchd1 regulates a subset of autosomal genes subject to
... total) were distributed between those with increased transcript levels (157 genes) and those with decreased levels (133 genes) in Smchd1MommeD1/MommeD1 compared with Smchd1+/+ embryos. The cell cycle related genes Ccng1 and Cdkn1a were high in the ranked list of significantly upregulated transcripts ...
... total) were distributed between those with increased transcript levels (157 genes) and those with decreased levels (133 genes) in Smchd1MommeD1/MommeD1 compared with Smchd1+/+ embryos. The cell cycle related genes Ccng1 and Cdkn1a were high in the ranked list of significantly upregulated transcripts ...
Functional analysis of plastid DNA replication origins in tobacco by
... ß Blackwell Publishing Ltd, The Plant Journal, (2002), 32, 175–184 ...
... ß Blackwell Publishing Ltd, The Plant Journal, (2002), 32, 175–184 ...
the lysis/lysogeny switch in phage \lambda
... Question: How does the phage switch from one state to the other? ...
... Question: How does the phage switch from one state to the other? ...
Lampetra fluviatilis Neurotrophin Homolog, Descendant of a
... The generation of a phylogenetic tree is dependent on caref ul alignment of the sequences in a matrix that is used for the calculations, and nonhomologous characters should be excluded from the alignments. Three sequence matrices with aligned sequences were constructed: two with neurotrophin and one ...
... The generation of a phylogenetic tree is dependent on caref ul alignment of the sequences in a matrix that is used for the calculations, and nonhomologous characters should be excluded from the alignments. Three sequence matrices with aligned sequences were constructed: two with neurotrophin and one ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.