Highlights from the Maltese Lipids Intervention: He went over his in
... 4. Don’t memorize the exact enzymes that are associated with synthesis, but know what types of enzymes are involved in synthesis versus the types of enzymes involved in oxidation. 5. Know that enzymes for FA synthesis are carried in a globular dimer in humans. 6. Know the ATP Citrate Lyase Reaction. ...
... 4. Don’t memorize the exact enzymes that are associated with synthesis, but know what types of enzymes are involved in synthesis versus the types of enzymes involved in oxidation. 5. Know that enzymes for FA synthesis are carried in a globular dimer in humans. 6. Know the ATP Citrate Lyase Reaction. ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation
... pathological states. Following this lecture students should understand that ...
... pathological states. Following this lecture students should understand that ...
Secondary metabolism is a term for pathways and products
... Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle is the last step in photosynthesis. The purpose of the Calvin Cycle is to take the energy from photosystem I and fix carbon. Carbon fixation means building organic molecules by adding carbon onto a chain. The following formula summarizes the Calvin cycle. C5 + CO2 + AT ...
... Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle is the last step in photosynthesis. The purpose of the Calvin Cycle is to take the energy from photosystem I and fix carbon. Carbon fixation means building organic molecules by adding carbon onto a chain. The following formula summarizes the Calvin cycle. C5 + CO2 + AT ...
Name 1 BIO 451 14 December, 1998 FINAL EXAM
... Starch is the plant equivalent of glycogen; the linkages among the sugars are identical but starch is less highly branched. What is the principle reason that marathon runners would be better advised to eat pasta (high starch content) rather than a meal containing a high amount of sucrose prior to pa ...
... Starch is the plant equivalent of glycogen; the linkages among the sugars are identical but starch is less highly branched. What is the principle reason that marathon runners would be better advised to eat pasta (high starch content) rather than a meal containing a high amount of sucrose prior to pa ...
Lipid metabolism
... β-Oxidation yields Acetyl CoA,NADH & FADH,requiring TCA cycle and Respiratory chain for further metabolism TCA cycle and Respiratory chain requires O2 So Fatty acid cannot be used as an energy source in the absence of O2 ...
... β-Oxidation yields Acetyl CoA,NADH & FADH,requiring TCA cycle and Respiratory chain for further metabolism TCA cycle and Respiratory chain requires O2 So Fatty acid cannot be used as an energy source in the absence of O2 ...
Biological Energy Systems
... • The Oxidative (Aerobic) System – Glucose and Glycogen Oxidation • Metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis and leads to the Krebs cycle. (Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is ...
... • The Oxidative (Aerobic) System – Glucose and Glycogen Oxidation • Metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis and leads to the Krebs cycle. (Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is ...
02-3 Carbon Compounds
... and Functional Groups • Carbon compounds are what makes up most of our bodies….(we’ll get to that later). What makes them unique are the functional groups at the ends. ...
... and Functional Groups • Carbon compounds are what makes up most of our bodies….(we’ll get to that later). What makes them unique are the functional groups at the ends. ...
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Notes
... • It powers all cell functions such as building proteins and opening ion channels for active transport Q: How does it work? ...
... • It powers all cell functions such as building proteins and opening ion channels for active transport Q: How does it work? ...
GLUCOGENIC & KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS
... CoA and succinyl CoA, rendering it both ketogenic and glucogenic. 2. Valine yields succinyl CoA and is glucogenic. 3. Leucine is ketogenic, being metabolized to acetoacetate and acetyl CoA. ...
... CoA and succinyl CoA, rendering it both ketogenic and glucogenic. 2. Valine yields succinyl CoA and is glucogenic. 3. Leucine is ketogenic, being metabolized to acetoacetate and acetyl CoA. ...
Contents
... At the outset, the senior author of the book welcomes his two sons, Dr. Sunjay Jain and Er. Nitin Jain who have joined me as coauthors of this text, a credit which would have been given earlier to them as they were helping in a latent way in the evolution of the book for the past many years. Thirty ...
... At the outset, the senior author of the book welcomes his two sons, Dr. Sunjay Jain and Er. Nitin Jain who have joined me as coauthors of this text, a credit which would have been given earlier to them as they were helping in a latent way in the evolution of the book for the past many years. Thirty ...
All the following is correct about ribosomes EXCEPT
... Each nucleotide consists of three parts, these parts are a. a nitrogen base, a triose sugar and a phosphate group b. a nitrogen base, a hexose sugar and a phosphate group c. a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group d. a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and 2 phosphate group ...
... Each nucleotide consists of three parts, these parts are a. a nitrogen base, a triose sugar and a phosphate group b. a nitrogen base, a hexose sugar and a phosphate group c. a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group d. a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and 2 phosphate group ...
2008 VFA Absorption
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
Complex I - ISpatula
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
THE MOLECULES OF LIFE
... Protein catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction Lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction Each enzyme only catalyzes one reaction How enzymes work: o Substrate binds to enzyme’s active site like lock and key o In active site, substrate is converted to product o Product leave ...
... Protein catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction Lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction Each enzyme only catalyzes one reaction How enzymes work: o Substrate binds to enzyme’s active site like lock and key o In active site, substrate is converted to product o Product leave ...
Complex IV
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
Sample Questions Chapters 9-10
... ____ 38. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation c. converting oxygen to ATP d. transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the elec ...
... ____ 38. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation c. converting oxygen to ATP d. transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the elec ...
Cellular Respiration Breathe in… breathe out… or not!
... energy to forms that cells can use for work“powerhouse”. • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen. • Has small quantities of DNA that help make ...
... energy to forms that cells can use for work“powerhouse”. • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen. • Has small quantities of DNA that help make ...
Cellular Respiration 2016
... energy to forms that cells can use for work“powerhouse”. • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen. • Has small quantities of DNA that help make ...
... energy to forms that cells can use for work“powerhouse”. • Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, generating ATP from the catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen. • Has small quantities of DNA that help make ...
electron transport
... NADH or FADH2, are passed through a chain of proteins and coenzymes, finally reaching O2, the terminal electron acceptor – and to drive the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane • Oxidative Phosphorylation: – The proton gradient runs downhill to drive the synthesis ...
... NADH or FADH2, are passed through a chain of proteins and coenzymes, finally reaching O2, the terminal electron acceptor – and to drive the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane • Oxidative Phosphorylation: – The proton gradient runs downhill to drive the synthesis ...
Enzyme PPT
... Proteins are building blocks of structures called amino acids. Proteins are what your DNA codes to make ...
... Proteins are building blocks of structures called amino acids. Proteins are what your DNA codes to make ...
Cellular Respiration
... Both acetyl (C2) groups received from prep reaction: – Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) – Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules – Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
... Both acetyl (C2) groups received from prep reaction: – Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) – Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules – Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.