CHAPTER 6
... The use of inhibitors to reveal the sequence of reactions in a metabolic pathway. (a) Control: Under normal conditions, the steady-state concentrations of a series of intermediates will be determined by the relative activities of the enzymes in the pathway. (b) Plus inhibitor: In the presence of an ...
... The use of inhibitors to reveal the sequence of reactions in a metabolic pathway. (a) Control: Under normal conditions, the steady-state concentrations of a series of intermediates will be determined by the relative activities of the enzymes in the pathway. (b) Plus inhibitor: In the presence of an ...
05 Fermentations 2008
... • requirement of nutritional supplements (vitamins, amino acids, etc.) • when supplied with porphyrins → they form cytochromes !?! (indicating that they were originally aerobic organisms that have lost the capacity of respiration, metabolic cripples) ...
... • requirement of nutritional supplements (vitamins, amino acids, etc.) • when supplied with porphyrins → they form cytochromes !?! (indicating that they were originally aerobic organisms that have lost the capacity of respiration, metabolic cripples) ...
Problems
... c. The hydrolysis of phosphorylated compounds is generally spontaneous: What property of Pi favors this reaction? Briefly explain (15 words or fewer). 3. List three factors that contribute to the large release of free energy when ATP is hydrolyzed. 4. What information would you need to determine whe ...
... c. The hydrolysis of phosphorylated compounds is generally spontaneous: What property of Pi favors this reaction? Briefly explain (15 words or fewer). 3. List three factors that contribute to the large release of free energy when ATP is hydrolyzed. 4. What information would you need to determine whe ...
21:120:360 Biochemistry
... LEARNING OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Upon successful completion of this course, participants will have a deeper understanding of cell function by having gained knowledge and insight into 1. the structures of its component molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 2. the various functions of these m ...
... LEARNING OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Upon successful completion of this course, participants will have a deeper understanding of cell function by having gained knowledge and insight into 1. the structures of its component molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 2. the various functions of these m ...
Cellular Respiration
... Stage 3: Oxidative phosphorylation – involves electrons carried by NADH and FADH2, – shuttles these electrons to the electron transport chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, – involves chemiosmosis, and – generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation associated with chemiosmosis. ...
... Stage 3: Oxidative phosphorylation – involves electrons carried by NADH and FADH2, – shuttles these electrons to the electron transport chain embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, – involves chemiosmosis, and – generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation associated with chemiosmosis. ...
lecture 6 ppt
... For glycolysis, coenzyme junction, and the citric acid cycle, give inputs, outputs, ATP made/used, e- carriers loaded, water and carbon dioxide molecules produced ...
... For glycolysis, coenzyme junction, and the citric acid cycle, give inputs, outputs, ATP made/used, e- carriers loaded, water and carbon dioxide molecules produced ...
Chapter 6
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
... – the cells are packed full of mitochondria, – the inner mitochondrial membrane contains an uncoupling protein, which allows H+ to flow back down its concentration gradient without generating ATP, and – ongoing oxidation of stored fats generates additional ...
Chapter 7 – Cellular Respiration
... 1. Occurs in the matrix 2. Reactants = 2 acetyl CoA, 2 ADP, 2 Pi, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD 3. Products = 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2 4. For every acetyl-CoA that enters the Krebs cycle, the cycle turns once. For every glucose molecule that starts cell respiration, 2 pyruvates are formed, forming 2 acetyl CoA ...
... 1. Occurs in the matrix 2. Reactants = 2 acetyl CoA, 2 ADP, 2 Pi, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD 3. Products = 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2 4. For every acetyl-CoA that enters the Krebs cycle, the cycle turns once. For every glucose molecule that starts cell respiration, 2 pyruvates are formed, forming 2 acetyl CoA ...
AP Biology 042 – Biological Molecules Video
... 10. The significance of “directionality” of the monomers in a polymer is that when you put the monomers together in a certain sequence/order they have a. The process of “putting monomers together” is called b. What is lost during the process of #11? c. What kind of bond is formed generally? Specific ...
... 10. The significance of “directionality” of the monomers in a polymer is that when you put the monomers together in a certain sequence/order they have a. The process of “putting monomers together” is called b. What is lost during the process of #11? c. What kind of bond is formed generally? Specific ...
hapter 11
... 5. Calculate the yields of ATP and NAD(P)H by the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 6. Summarize the function of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 7. Draw a simple diagram that shows the connection between, the Entner-Duodoroff path ...
... 5. Calculate the yields of ATP and NAD(P)H by the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 6. Summarize the function of the Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Duodoroff, and pentose phosphate pathways 7. Draw a simple diagram that shows the connection between, the Entner-Duodoroff path ...
Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses
... • The phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the direct transfer of the anhydride phosphate in 1,3-BPG to an ADP to generate an ATP; this is called the substrate-level phosphorylation; 1,3-BPG is a high energy intermediate that leads to ATP formation. • The phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the shift of ...
... • The phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the direct transfer of the anhydride phosphate in 1,3-BPG to an ADP to generate an ATP; this is called the substrate-level phosphorylation; 1,3-BPG is a high energy intermediate that leads to ATP formation. • The phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the shift of ...
AP Biology Unit 3 Study Guide Chapters 8, 9 and 10
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
Liver Function - Groby Bio Page
... 3. What is the triad? 4. What is the sinusoid? 5. What fills the bile canaliculi? 6. What is the name of the phagocytic cell in the liver and where would we find it? 7. Name two products release from the hepatocytes into the blood 8. Name two products removed and metabolised from the blood by the li ...
... 3. What is the triad? 4. What is the sinusoid? 5. What fills the bile canaliculi? 6. What is the name of the phagocytic cell in the liver and where would we find it? 7. Name two products release from the hepatocytes into the blood 8. Name two products removed and metabolised from the blood by the li ...
Amino Acids Worksheet and Problem Set
... What does the R group determine for an amino acid and why is it important? Which are the aliphatic amino acids? (Group 1) Which are the Group 2 amino acids and why? Which are the Group 3 amino acids and why? Which are the Group 4 amino acids and why? Chapter 3.3: Draw the normal structure of a gener ...
... What does the R group determine for an amino acid and why is it important? Which are the aliphatic amino acids? (Group 1) Which are the Group 2 amino acids and why? Which are the Group 3 amino acids and why? Which are the Group 4 amino acids and why? Chapter 3.3: Draw the normal structure of a gener ...
Quantitative Analysis of Stearic Acid in Vulcanized Styrene
... The concentration of stearic acid in vulcanized rubbers affects the physical properties of the rubber. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and compression set are directly related to the stearic acid content. There exists a need for a quantitative analytical method for the determination o ...
... The concentration of stearic acid in vulcanized rubbers affects the physical properties of the rubber. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and compression set are directly related to the stearic acid content. There exists a need for a quantitative analytical method for the determination o ...
One Up
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
ALACTATE TRAINING: Does it Really Exist?
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
... • ATP stored in small amounts until needed • Breakdown of ATP to release energy – ATP + water + ATPase ADP + Pi + energy – ADP: lower‐energy compound, less useful ...
doc
... enzyme before the substrate can. This substance then prevents the enzyme from acting on the substrate and essentially stops its use for the time being. This can occur naturally – when the body sends competitive inhibitors to stop production or breaking down of substrates when they are not longer nee ...
... enzyme before the substrate can. This substance then prevents the enzyme from acting on the substrate and essentially stops its use for the time being. This can occur naturally – when the body sends competitive inhibitors to stop production or breaking down of substrates when they are not longer nee ...
Chemistry of Proteins Model Making
... Proteins are the main structural and growth components of cells in tissues such as skin, hair, muscle and blood. Other proteins serve in regulatory capacity as enzymes and hormones. Proteins always contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in m ...
... Proteins are the main structural and growth components of cells in tissues such as skin, hair, muscle and blood. Other proteins serve in regulatory capacity as enzymes and hormones. Proteins always contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in m ...
ANSWERS BIOCHEMISTRY CARBOHYDRATES
... * Glucose is absorbed into blood and taken to the cells. * In the cells, glucose gets oxidised to form carbon dioxide and water liberating a large amount of energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy * This energy is used to do work and to keep our body warm. * Excess glucose is converted into glyco ...
... * Glucose is absorbed into blood and taken to the cells. * In the cells, glucose gets oxidised to form carbon dioxide and water liberating a large amount of energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy * This energy is used to do work and to keep our body warm. * Excess glucose is converted into glyco ...
PDF 2/page
... For most biological molecules, the unit of oxidation and reduction is two reducing equivalents, i.e., two electrons, i.e., pairs of electrons are gained or lost in each redox reaction. In biological systems, oxidation is often synonymous with dehydrogenation (loss of hydrogen, note that there is no ...
... For most biological molecules, the unit of oxidation and reduction is two reducing equivalents, i.e., two electrons, i.e., pairs of electrons are gained or lost in each redox reaction. In biological systems, oxidation is often synonymous with dehydrogenation (loss of hydrogen, note that there is no ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.