The Hunt for Red October - HFRO
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
Chapter 2 ppt
... • Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. • These atoms are called isotopes. • Isotopes are useful to scientists because they break down & their radiation is detectable, and can be used as a diagnostic tools. Ex. Iodine is used to measure the thyroid's activity. ...
... • Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. • These atoms are called isotopes. • Isotopes are useful to scientists because they break down & their radiation is detectable, and can be used as a diagnostic tools. Ex. Iodine is used to measure the thyroid's activity. ...
Product Information Sheet
... 5-HTP is the immediate amino acid precursor to serotonin. Serotonin may be converted to melatonin, important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Provides an all-natural source of 5-HTP from the herb Griffonia simplicifolia. Provides 100mg of l-theanine per tablet, an amino acid commonly found in tea ...
... 5-HTP is the immediate amino acid precursor to serotonin. Serotonin may be converted to melatonin, important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Provides an all-natural source of 5-HTP from the herb Griffonia simplicifolia. Provides 100mg of l-theanine per tablet, an amino acid commonly found in tea ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Carbon (CO2 or organic compounds) Hydrogen (H2O or organic compounds) Oxygen (H2O or organic compounds) Nitrogen (NH3, NO3-, organic N-compounds) ...
... Carbon (CO2 or organic compounds) Hydrogen (H2O or organic compounds) Oxygen (H2O or organic compounds) Nitrogen (NH3, NO3-, organic N-compounds) ...
Chapter 6 Notes
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many steps. • The first step is an electron acceptor called NAD+. – NAD is made by cells from niacin, a B vitamin. – The transfer of electrons from organic fuel to NAD+ reduces it to NADH. ...
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many steps. • The first step is an electron acceptor called NAD+. – NAD is made by cells from niacin, a B vitamin. – The transfer of electrons from organic fuel to NAD+ reduces it to NADH. ...
Active Transport Lab
... the consequences for amino acid transport. Similarly, you can alter the cellular (inside) or extracellular (outside of cells) levels of amino acids and investigate the effect on how cells use ATP. Because the amino acid transport channel is paired to the ATP-driven sodium/potassium pump, you will ho ...
... the consequences for amino acid transport. Similarly, you can alter the cellular (inside) or extracellular (outside of cells) levels of amino acids and investigate the effect on how cells use ATP. Because the amino acid transport channel is paired to the ATP-driven sodium/potassium pump, you will ho ...
Cellular Respiration
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
... B. NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid C. NADH oxidizes glucose to lactic acid D. NAD+ reduces pyruvate to ethanol E. NADH reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol 8- The step in cellular respiration in which most of covalent bonds from the the glucose molecule are oxidized: A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. ...
electron transport chain
... Electron transport chains produce energy in the form of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient. This energy is used to do useful work. The gradient can be used to transport molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for gr ...
... Electron transport chains produce energy in the form of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient. This energy is used to do useful work. The gradient can be used to transport molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for gr ...
Bio II Elodea Lab: Photosynthesis and Cellular
... only_______ ATPs. Maximum yield for one glucose molecule is _______(for eukaryotes). How it works: Most electron carriers are _______________. Groups attached to them like iron, sulfur, and heme, shift between oxidized and reduced states as they accept and donate electrons. The ETC does not make ATP ...
... only_______ ATPs. Maximum yield for one glucose molecule is _______(for eukaryotes). How it works: Most electron carriers are _______________. Groups attached to them like iron, sulfur, and heme, shift between oxidized and reduced states as they accept and donate electrons. The ETC does not make ATP ...
Chapter 24 Metabolism
... these are broken down and turned into C-O bonds that are then breathed out as carbon dioxide. In the process, some of the energy released by breaking those bonds is captured to make ATP ...
... these are broken down and turned into C-O bonds that are then breathed out as carbon dioxide. In the process, some of the energy released by breaking those bonds is captured to make ATP ...
Chapter 25
... • Cholesterol that is not used reenters bloodstream and is absorbed by HDLs (produced by the liver with the express purpose of picking up cholesterol in the tissues) and returned to liver for storage or excretion (in bile), or to make LDLs to deliver to the tissues • This is “good” cholesterol becau ...
... • Cholesterol that is not used reenters bloodstream and is absorbed by HDLs (produced by the liver with the express purpose of picking up cholesterol in the tissues) and returned to liver for storage or excretion (in bile), or to make LDLs to deliver to the tissues • This is “good” cholesterol becau ...
Lipid metabolism
... Citrate is an allosteric stimulator and palmitoyl-CoA inhibits this enzyme. Hormonal regulation: glucagon and epinephrine - inhibition insulin - stimulation ...
... Citrate is an allosteric stimulator and palmitoyl-CoA inhibits this enzyme. Hormonal regulation: glucagon and epinephrine - inhibition insulin - stimulation ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
103 Lecture Ch23b
... reduced to lactate, which replenishes NAD+ to continue glycolysis • During strenuous exercise, muscle cells quickly use up their stored oxygen, creating anaerobic conditions - lactate accumulates, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness • Anaerobic bacteria can also produce lactate, which is how we m ...
... reduced to lactate, which replenishes NAD+ to continue glycolysis • During strenuous exercise, muscle cells quickly use up their stored oxygen, creating anaerobic conditions - lactate accumulates, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness • Anaerobic bacteria can also produce lactate, which is how we m ...
Sucrase Mechanism
... neither cofactor nor apoenzyme can catalyze reactions by themselves A cofactor can be either an inorganic ion or an organic molecule, called a coenzyme Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins, organic molecules that are dietary requirements for metabolism and/or growth ...
... neither cofactor nor apoenzyme can catalyze reactions by themselves A cofactor can be either an inorganic ion or an organic molecule, called a coenzyme Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins, organic molecules that are dietary requirements for metabolism and/or growth ...
StudyGuide_Biochemistry
... 37. What is the body’s primary source of energy? If that is not available, what will the body use? If both of those are not available, what will the body turn to for energy? 38. What is the purpose of a chemical reaction? 39. Define the terms “reactant” and “product” in reference to chemical reactio ...
... 37. What is the body’s primary source of energy? If that is not available, what will the body use? If both of those are not available, what will the body turn to for energy? 38. What is the purpose of a chemical reaction? 39. Define the terms “reactant” and “product” in reference to chemical reactio ...
ATP production in isolated mitochondria of procyclic Trypanosoma
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
... The single mitochondrion of insect stage T. brucei has three in part overlapping ATP production pathways (1, 2)(Fig. 1). First, as in mitochondria from other organisms ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a cyanide-sensitive electron transport chain. Second, as expected one step ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of chemical bonds with the release or absorption of energy ...
... A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of chemical bonds with the release or absorption of energy ...
Amino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle
... • Aquatic organisms (bacteria, protozoa, fish) release ammonia to their aqueous enviroment (ammonotelic) ...
... • Aquatic organisms (bacteria, protozoa, fish) release ammonia to their aqueous enviroment (ammonotelic) ...
Biochemistry II Test 2Q
... 38. Acetyl CoA formed in the liver becomes ______ and then is ________. 39. Acetyl CoA formed in the muscle enter the ________ and becomes ________. 40. How are fatty acids transported? 41. Fatty acids are activated to CoA via what enzyme and requires what? 42. Where does it occur and what enzyme is ...
... 38. Acetyl CoA formed in the liver becomes ______ and then is ________. 39. Acetyl CoA formed in the muscle enter the ________ and becomes ________. 40. How are fatty acids transported? 41. Fatty acids are activated to CoA via what enzyme and requires what? 42. Where does it occur and what enzyme is ...
Unit 04 Lecture Notes - Roderick Anatomy and Physiology
... • I know the general characteristics of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or ...
... • I know the general characteristics of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or ...
Energetics of the nerve terminal in relation to central nervous system
... intact cells, are able to transport and oxidize several intermediates of the TCA cycle [12], it is not clear at what concentration these molecules are present in vivo;thus glucose is likely to be the key physiological substrate. If this is true, two issues deserve comments: the transfer of NADH from ...
... intact cells, are able to transport and oxidize several intermediates of the TCA cycle [12], it is not clear at what concentration these molecules are present in vivo;thus glucose is likely to be the key physiological substrate. If this is true, two issues deserve comments: the transfer of NADH from ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.