Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... o The latter name honors Hans Krebs, who was largely responsible for elucidating the cycle’s pathways in the 1930s. ...
... o The latter name honors Hans Krebs, who was largely responsible for elucidating the cycle’s pathways in the 1930s. ...
Amino Acids - Newcastle University
... carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. The R you can see in the general formula represents the different R group attached to each amino acid. These different R groups determine the chemical personality of an amino acid; they each have a distinct shape, size and charge distribution and can be large a ...
... carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. The R you can see in the general formula represents the different R group attached to each amino acid. These different R groups determine the chemical personality of an amino acid; they each have a distinct shape, size and charge distribution and can be large a ...
An Overview of Cellular Respiration 2017
... Cellular Respiration RedPen Revision in notebook or on chart only add what you need!! Living things, from bacteria to humans, use similar pathways one of these is: Cellular Respiration: process of enzymes converting the energy in macromolecules (foods like starch or glycogen) or smaller mole ...
... Cellular Respiration RedPen Revision in notebook or on chart only add what you need!! Living things, from bacteria to humans, use similar pathways one of these is: Cellular Respiration: process of enzymes converting the energy in macromolecules (foods like starch or glycogen) or smaller mole ...
8 Cellular Respiration-An Overview
... uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of glucose occurs in several controlled steps. The same amount of energy is ultimately released, but it is ...
... uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of glucose occurs in several controlled steps. The same amount of energy is ultimately released, but it is ...
apbio ch 9 study guide
... o The latter name honors Hans Krebs, who was largely responsible for elucidating the cycle’s pathways in the 1930s. ...
... o The latter name honors Hans Krebs, who was largely responsible for elucidating the cycle’s pathways in the 1930s. ...
0495116572_102921
... – Galactose 1-phosphate converted to glucose 1-phosphate – Glucose 6-phosphate enters hexosemonophophate shunt – Glucose 1-phosphate enteres glycogenesis – Glucose can enter glycolysis 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth ...
... – Galactose 1-phosphate converted to glucose 1-phosphate – Glucose 6-phosphate enters hexosemonophophate shunt – Glucose 1-phosphate enteres glycogenesis – Glucose can enter glycolysis 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth ...
Chapter 2
... Enzymes assemble complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) from simple carbohydrate (sugar) subunits Glucose monomers can bond in different patterns to form different complex carbohydrates • Cellulose (a structural component of plants) • Starch (main energy reserve in plants) • Glycogen (energy re ...
... Enzymes assemble complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) from simple carbohydrate (sugar) subunits Glucose monomers can bond in different patterns to form different complex carbohydrates • Cellulose (a structural component of plants) • Starch (main energy reserve in plants) • Glycogen (energy re ...
The Urea Cycle
... mitochondrial matrix by the enzymatic activities of glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I is the enzyme that takes the ammonia, bicarbonate and 2 molecules of ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate. This enzyme activates bicarbonate by the same method used by biotin c ...
... mitochondrial matrix by the enzymatic activities of glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I is the enzyme that takes the ammonia, bicarbonate and 2 molecules of ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate. This enzyme activates bicarbonate by the same method used by biotin c ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... Molecules interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
... Molecules interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
... interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
Ch.05The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
... a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. ...
Metabolism—chapter 4
... without oxygen in the cytoplasm of the cell. This means it is anaerobic respiration since it doesn’t need oxygen. Energy from ATP is necessary in this step, but excess energy is used to produce ATP. You end up with a NET gain of 2 ATP. 2. Following glycolysis oxygen must be available before continui ...
... without oxygen in the cytoplasm of the cell. This means it is anaerobic respiration since it doesn’t need oxygen. Energy from ATP is necessary in this step, but excess energy is used to produce ATP. You end up with a NET gain of 2 ATP. 2. Following glycolysis oxygen must be available before continui ...
Nucleic acids
... Fats are made up of long chains of carbon and hydrogen called fatty acids. Fatty acids with only single bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated fats because the fatty acids are saturated with hydrogen. Fatty acids with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are referred to as unsa ...
... Fats are made up of long chains of carbon and hydrogen called fatty acids. Fatty acids with only single bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated fats because the fatty acids are saturated with hydrogen. Fatty acids with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms are referred to as unsa ...
Energy represents the capacity to do work. Cells must
... cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to Acetyl CoA It takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria ...
... cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to Acetyl CoA It takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... 26. Lipids are nonpolar. What does this mean? 27. _________________________________________________ makes up cell membranes. 29. Name a waxy lipid covering plants. 30. Plant pigments like ________________________________ are also ________________________________. 31. Lipids have more _______________ ...
... 26. Lipids are nonpolar. What does this mean? 27. _________________________________________________ makes up cell membranes. 29. Name a waxy lipid covering plants. 30. Plant pigments like ________________________________ are also ________________________________. 31. Lipids have more _______________ ...
2. Citric acid cycle
... Fatty acids at coenzyme junction - becomes Acetyl CoA 2 carbons at a time via β-oxidation ...
... Fatty acids at coenzyme junction - becomes Acetyl CoA 2 carbons at a time via β-oxidation ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Lecture-Intro to metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... 2. Metabolic reactions occur in many small steps - “pathways” Why so many steps? Many enzymes in series result in complex transformation Energy released at a small step can be captured efficiently Cells mainly use one type of energy packet (ATP) to fuel any small step Different metabolic processes c ...
... 2. Metabolic reactions occur in many small steps - “pathways” Why so many steps? Many enzymes in series result in complex transformation Energy released at a small step can be captured efficiently Cells mainly use one type of energy packet (ATP) to fuel any small step Different metabolic processes c ...
Metabolism and Glycolysis
... 4) Regulatory enzymes. (Metabolic conditions that stimulate or inhibit the pathway). 5) Organization of the pathway and the formulas of the compounds involved. (The map of the pathway). 6) Relationship with other pathways. (Shared metabolites, enzymes and regulations). 7) Later, you will have to vis ...
... 4) Regulatory enzymes. (Metabolic conditions that stimulate or inhibit the pathway). 5) Organization of the pathway and the formulas of the compounds involved. (The map of the pathway). 6) Relationship with other pathways. (Shared metabolites, enzymes and regulations). 7) Later, you will have to vis ...
The Chemistry of Life
... ratio of roughly 1:2:1. If a test question involves identifying a compound as a carbohydrate, count the atoms and see if they fit that ratio. Carbohydrates are formed by the chemical reaction process of concentration, or dehydration synthesis, and broken apart by hydrolysis, the cleavage of a chemic ...
... ratio of roughly 1:2:1. If a test question involves identifying a compound as a carbohydrate, count the atoms and see if they fit that ratio. Carbohydrates are formed by the chemical reaction process of concentration, or dehydration synthesis, and broken apart by hydrolysis, the cleavage of a chemic ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.