chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... In eukaryotic cells, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis, the processes that together constitute oxidative phosphorylation. o In prokaryotes, these processes take place in the plasma membrane. ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis, the processes that together constitute oxidative phosphorylation. o In prokaryotes, these processes take place in the plasma membrane. ...
Cellular Energy and Mitochondrial ATP Production: A
... lactic acid via the enzyme lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). The build-up of lactic acid can cause cramping and a burning sensation in the over worked muscles as well as sore muscles the following day until the lactic acid is washed out of the system. The glycolysis-fermentation pathway is important ...
... lactic acid via the enzyme lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). The build-up of lactic acid can cause cramping and a burning sensation in the over worked muscles as well as sore muscles the following day until the lactic acid is washed out of the system. The glycolysis-fermentation pathway is important ...
Lecture_5_Control_of_glycolysis
... The kinase that synthesizes fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate and the phosphatase that hydrolyzes this molecule are located on the same polypeptide chain. Such an arrangement is called a bifunctional enzyme. Phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme activates the phosphatase activity and inhibits the kina ...
... The kinase that synthesizes fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate and the phosphatase that hydrolyzes this molecule are located on the same polypeptide chain. Such an arrangement is called a bifunctional enzyme. Phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme activates the phosphatase activity and inhibits the kina ...
Lesson - ACS Distance Education (UK)
... Glycolysis is anaerobic (doesn’t require oxygen) and is the process by which one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate, with the energy released from the reaction captured in the form of 2 ATP molecules. Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H2O (Pi ...
... Glycolysis is anaerobic (doesn’t require oxygen) and is the process by which one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate, with the energy released from the reaction captured in the form of 2 ATP molecules. Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H2O (Pi ...
20141104103322
... Electron transport chain Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Oxidative phosphorylation ...
... Electron transport chain Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Oxidative phosphorylation ...
3. What are macromolecules?
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
lecture 6, cellular respiration, 031709
... matter from inorganic nutrients including carbon dioxide, water, and minerals from the soil. • Animals are heterotrophs (other-feeders) that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones—they must eat to obtain nutrients ...
... matter from inorganic nutrients including carbon dioxide, water, and minerals from the soil. • Animals are heterotrophs (other-feeders) that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones—they must eat to obtain nutrients ...
TRASK Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 1
... How do NADH and NADPH differ from one another? (2 points) These two reduced electron carriers differ from one another not only in their structures (NADPH has a phosphate group associated with the 2’ end of the adenosine ribonucleotide portion of it), but also in both their functions and their relat ...
... How do NADH and NADPH differ from one another? (2 points) These two reduced electron carriers differ from one another not only in their structures (NADPH has a phosphate group associated with the 2’ end of the adenosine ribonucleotide portion of it), but also in both their functions and their relat ...
Biochemistry 6/e
... retains the trans structure & b-ox. continues. For the second db an FADH2 is not lost but an NADPH is used negating the NADH produced. ...
... retains the trans structure & b-ox. continues. For the second db an FADH2 is not lost but an NADPH is used negating the NADH produced. ...
Understanding Our Environment
... - Other pigments include carotenoids (yellow and orange) phycobilins (blue or red), and several other types of ...
... - Other pigments include carotenoids (yellow and orange) phycobilins (blue or red), and several other types of ...
Ch. 5 Molecules of Life – Test Study Guide Carbohydrates, Fats
... -What substances below to what groups – for example starch, hormones, glycerol? -What are the different functions of each group (carbohydrates for energy and so on) -Which and how are these groups listed on a food label? Chemistry -What does it mean to be an organic molecule? -What is an ion? What i ...
... -What substances below to what groups – for example starch, hormones, glycerol? -What are the different functions of each group (carbohydrates for energy and so on) -Which and how are these groups listed on a food label? Chemistry -What does it mean to be an organic molecule? -What is an ion? What i ...
Digestible carbohydrates
... 4-Kidney (medulla), testicles, leukocytes and white muscle fibers, where there are relatively few mitochondria. 5-Cancer cells due to dissociation of the high rate of glycolysis from Krebs', i.e., aerobic production of lactate. 6-Brain and gastrointestinal tract also normally derive most of their e ...
... 4-Kidney (medulla), testicles, leukocytes and white muscle fibers, where there are relatively few mitochondria. 5-Cancer cells due to dissociation of the high rate of glycolysis from Krebs', i.e., aerobic production of lactate. 6-Brain and gastrointestinal tract also normally derive most of their e ...
Chapter 7
... Fig.7-5) 6 carbon glucose to two 3 carbon to 2 pyruvate molecules. One glucose molecules yields 2 pyruvate molecules. A small energy yield as the body uses a little energy for this process that yields only a little more than the body spent producing the energy.Pyruvate can be converted again to gluc ...
... Fig.7-5) 6 carbon glucose to two 3 carbon to 2 pyruvate molecules. One glucose molecules yields 2 pyruvate molecules. A small energy yield as the body uses a little energy for this process that yields only a little more than the body spent producing the energy.Pyruvate can be converted again to gluc ...
Co Enzyme Lecture
... Metal activated enzymes – require or are stimulated by addition of metal ions (i.e. Mg2+, is required by many ATP requiring enzymes) ...
... Metal activated enzymes – require or are stimulated by addition of metal ions (i.e. Mg2+, is required by many ATP requiring enzymes) ...
Ch. 5 Molecules of Life – Test Study Guide Carbohydrates, Fats
... -What substances below to what groups – for example starch, hormones, glycerol? -What are the different functions of each group (carbohydrates for energy and so on) -Which and how are these groups listed on a food label? Chemistry -What does it mean to be an organic molecule? -What is an ion? What i ...
... -What substances below to what groups – for example starch, hormones, glycerol? -What are the different functions of each group (carbohydrates for energy and so on) -Which and how are these groups listed on a food label? Chemistry -What does it mean to be an organic molecule? -What is an ion? What i ...
Bioelectrochemical Determination of Citric Acid in Real Samples
... have been proposed; some make use of soluble CL and immobilized MDH with NADH10 detection, some use CL and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (OACD) in soluble11 or immobilized12 form in conjunction with polarography. The direct amperometric determination of citric acid has been proposed13 in connection wit ...
... have been proposed; some make use of soluble CL and immobilized MDH with NADH10 detection, some use CL and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (OACD) in soluble11 or immobilized12 form in conjunction with polarography. The direct amperometric determination of citric acid has been proposed13 in connection wit ...
skeletal ms
... 2) Then the pH becomes alkaline due to the release of creatine from the Cr-P. ADP + Cr-P ATP + creatine 3) Lastly, the pH becomes acid due to the release of lactic acid from the anaerobic oxidation of glucose. Anaerobic oxidation Glucose (ms glycogen) 2 lactic acid + 2ATP ...
... 2) Then the pH becomes alkaline due to the release of creatine from the Cr-P. ADP + Cr-P ATP + creatine 3) Lastly, the pH becomes acid due to the release of lactic acid from the anaerobic oxidation of glucose. Anaerobic oxidation Glucose (ms glycogen) 2 lactic acid + 2ATP ...
Homework # 9 Citric Acid Cycle, electron transport Chain, and
... Alcohol is the favorite mood-altering drug in the United States and its effects, both pleasant and unpleasant, are well-known. What may not be well known is the fact that alcohol is a toxic drug that produces pathological changes (cirrhosis) in liver tissue and can cause death. Alcohol is readily ab ...
... Alcohol is the favorite mood-altering drug in the United States and its effects, both pleasant and unpleasant, are well-known. What may not be well known is the fact that alcohol is a toxic drug that produces pathological changes (cirrhosis) in liver tissue and can cause death. Alcohol is readily ab ...
Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa
... help deal with weight gain; to have her accept and become attuned to her body; to improve her self esteem; to assist her to reintegrate home, school and peer group. ...
... help deal with weight gain; to have her accept and become attuned to her body; to improve her self esteem; to assist her to reintegrate home, school and peer group. ...
enzymes 194 kb enzymes
... phosphorylation of the side chains of specific serine, threonine or tyrosine residues in the target enzyme. Phosphorylation is itself catalysed by specific kinases, and phosphate groups are removed by phosphatases. Phosphorylation can result in a major conformational change because phosphates have t ...
... phosphorylation of the side chains of specific serine, threonine or tyrosine residues in the target enzyme. Phosphorylation is itself catalysed by specific kinases, and phosphate groups are removed by phosphatases. Phosphorylation can result in a major conformational change because phosphates have t ...
Document
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
... • Proteins are broken down to amino acids • Amino acids are broken apart • Amino group is removed, ammonia forms, is converted to urea and excreted ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.