Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
... All three isozymes of pyruvate kinase are allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA and long chain fatty acids (all signs of an abundant energy supply). The liver isoenzyme (L form), but not the muscle isoenzyme (M form) is further regulated by phosphorylation. When the glucose level in blood decr ...
www.eastpenn.k12.pa.us
... -Amino acids are compounds with an amino group on one end (NH2)and a carboxyl group on the other end (-COOH) -Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide -Multiple polypeptides join to form a protein -In living things, proteins make up cellular structures. Som ...
... -Amino acids are compounds with an amino group on one end (NH2)and a carboxyl group on the other end (-COOH) -Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide -Multiple polypeptides join to form a protein -In living things, proteins make up cellular structures. Som ...
Chapter 3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
... Monosaccharides – single sugar that is simple, containing as few as three carbon atoms, but when they play a central role in energy storage, they contain six carbons C6H12O6 is not only the chemical formula for glucose, but for both structural isomers and stereoisomers Disaccharides (two linked mono ...
... Monosaccharides – single sugar that is simple, containing as few as three carbon atoms, but when they play a central role in energy storage, they contain six carbons C6H12O6 is not only the chemical formula for glucose, but for both structural isomers and stereoisomers Disaccharides (two linked mono ...
MICR 201 Microbiology for Health Related Sciences
... Typically re-usable Some require co-factor or coenzyme for activity ▪ Co-factor: Ions (magnesium,calcium) ▪ Co-enzyme: organic molecule; many are derivates from vitamines, e.g. NAD+ and NADP+ ...
... Typically re-usable Some require co-factor or coenzyme for activity ▪ Co-factor: Ions (magnesium,calcium) ▪ Co-enzyme: organic molecule; many are derivates from vitamines, e.g. NAD+ and NADP+ ...
Biology model examination for grade 12
... C. Three glycerol & a fatty acid molecule. D. Three fatty acids & a glycerol molecule. 44. Which wave length of light penetrates deeper in water than the others? A. blue & green C. red & indigo B. blue & red D. blue &indigo 45. Which of the following processes do not need energy from ATP? A. Conduct ...
... C. Three glycerol & a fatty acid molecule. D. Three fatty acids & a glycerol molecule. 44. Which wave length of light penetrates deeper in water than the others? A. blue & green C. red & indigo B. blue & red D. blue &indigo 45. Which of the following processes do not need energy from ATP? A. Conduct ...
respiration 2010
... Respiration Take Place? • It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm ...
... Respiration Take Place? • It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm ...
2 Carboxyl Groups
... • Fatty Acids Single hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. If it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms is considered saturated. Main component of fats which are semisolid. ...
... • Fatty Acids Single hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. If it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms is considered saturated. Main component of fats which are semisolid. ...
7.2 Acids and Bases
... Acids Reacts with metals and carbonates Conducts electricity Turns blue litmus paper red Tastes sour pH < 7 Neutralizes bases ...
... Acids Reacts with metals and carbonates Conducts electricity Turns blue litmus paper red Tastes sour pH < 7 Neutralizes bases ...
Biology Chapter 4
... Krebs Cycle: produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given ...
... Krebs Cycle: produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given ...
Macromolecules
... different functions in the cell. Find two different types of lipids and record their function and the chemical that the fatty acids are attached to. ...
... different functions in the cell. Find two different types of lipids and record their function and the chemical that the fatty acids are attached to. ...
Cellular respiration
... • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the ...
... • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl CoA, which links the cycle to glycolysis ...
... • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl CoA, which links the cycle to glycolysis ...
Energy Systems - Mrs N Benedict
... re-synthesise three molecules of ATP but the process of glycolysis itself requires energy (one molecule) The lactic acid system provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting up to 3 minutes but peaking at 1 minute, for example the 400m ...
... re-synthesise three molecules of ATP but the process of glycolysis itself requires energy (one molecule) The lactic acid system provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting up to 3 minutes but peaking at 1 minute, for example the 400m ...
Lec 1-10 Problem Set Answers
... Lecture 14 (lipid catabolism because we are behind) 1) When a triglyceride is consumed, intestinal cells break it down into its parts and then reassemble new triglycerices. Draw a generic triglyceride, showing the fatty acids as hydrocarbon squiggles with a carboxyl group. ...
... Lecture 14 (lipid catabolism because we are behind) 1) When a triglyceride is consumed, intestinal cells break it down into its parts and then reassemble new triglycerices. Draw a generic triglyceride, showing the fatty acids as hydrocarbon squiggles with a carboxyl group. ...
The b-oxidation pathway as an energy source
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
Cellular respiration
... • What is the literal translation of glycolysis and why is it an appropriate name? • How many ATP are used and created from the process of glycolysis? • What is the intermediate product made in the citric acid cycle? • How many cycles are involved in the completion of the citric acid cycle? • What ...
... • What is the literal translation of glycolysis and why is it an appropriate name? • How many ATP are used and created from the process of glycolysis? • What is the intermediate product made in the citric acid cycle? • How many cycles are involved in the completion of the citric acid cycle? • What ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... In eukaryotic cells, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis, the processes that together constitute oxidative phosphorylation. o In prokaryotes, these processes take place in the plasma membrane. ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis, the processes that together constitute oxidative phosphorylation. o In prokaryotes, these processes take place in the plasma membrane. ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... A. are more highly reduced. B. are deaminated. C. lack phosphate. D. contain more ester linkages. E. contain more ATP. 60. Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration: A. can utilize NO3- as the terminal electron acceptor. B. can utilize O2 as the terminal el ...
... A. are more highly reduced. B. are deaminated. C. lack phosphate. D. contain more ester linkages. E. contain more ATP. 60. Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration: A. can utilize NO3- as the terminal electron acceptor. B. can utilize O2 as the terminal el ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.