Energy - Cobb Learning
... 36 or 38 that aerobic respiration can create) Other molecules are created through reactions that provide the NAD+ needed for glycolysis to occur ...
... 36 or 38 that aerobic respiration can create) Other molecules are created through reactions that provide the NAD+ needed for glycolysis to occur ...
Student notes in ppt
... In addition to functioning as intermediates in the gluconeogenic pathway (production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources), many of the glycolytic metabolites provide carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway (ribose-5-P), and triacylglyceride synthesis (glycerol). ...
... In addition to functioning as intermediates in the gluconeogenic pathway (production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources), many of the glycolytic metabolites provide carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway (ribose-5-P), and triacylglyceride synthesis (glycerol). ...
Carbon Compounds In Cells
... • Sugar storage form in animals • Large stores in muscle and liver cells • When blood sugar decreases, liver cells degrade glycogen, release glucose ...
... • Sugar storage form in animals • Large stores in muscle and liver cells • When blood sugar decreases, liver cells degrade glycogen, release glucose ...
mid-term-exam-versio..
... 104. _____ In the light-independent reactions the first stable compound, PGA, reacts with NADPH to produce PGAL, which is converted to glucose, and RuBP is restored with a series of reactions involving ATP and NADPH. 105. _____ Photorespiration occurs when the stomata of the leaf are closed and ther ...
... 104. _____ In the light-independent reactions the first stable compound, PGA, reacts with NADPH to produce PGAL, which is converted to glucose, and RuBP is restored with a series of reactions involving ATP and NADPH. 105. _____ Photorespiration occurs when the stomata of the leaf are closed and ther ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... 3. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is not true? a. For starting materials, it can use carbon skeletons derived from certain amino acids. b. It required metabolic energy (ATP or GTP). c. It is one of the ways that mammals maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. d. ...
... 3. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is not true? a. For starting materials, it can use carbon skeletons derived from certain amino acids. b. It required metabolic energy (ATP or GTP). c. It is one of the ways that mammals maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. d. ...
4 Amino Acids - School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... Pyrrolysine (Pyl or O) is a genetically coded amino acid used by some methanogenic archaea and one known bacterium. Pyrrolysine is used in enzymes that are part of methaneproducing metabolism. Pyrrolysine is similar to lysine, but with an added pyrroline ring linked to the end of the lysine side cha ...
... Pyrrolysine (Pyl or O) is a genetically coded amino acid used by some methanogenic archaea and one known bacterium. Pyrrolysine is used in enzymes that are part of methaneproducing metabolism. Pyrrolysine is similar to lysine, but with an added pyrroline ring linked to the end of the lysine side cha ...
ERP 10 - Haiku Learning
... chemical reactions are involved. • In the presence of oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen, or used as a fuel by oxidation into carbon dioxide and water. • It can be used for a sprint finish (i.e. to produce an extra burst of energy). ...
... chemical reactions are involved. • In the presence of oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen, or used as a fuel by oxidation into carbon dioxide and water. • It can be used for a sprint finish (i.e. to produce an extra burst of energy). ...
6-1
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Before the citric acid cycle can begin, however, pyruvate must first be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle This step is carried out by a multi-enzyme complex ...
... Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Before the citric acid cycle can begin, however, pyruvate must first be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle This step is carried out by a multi-enzyme complex ...
IB Chemistry Brakke ECA - Topic B TBD09
... (Total 5 marks) When many 2-amino acid molecules react together a protein is formed. These proteins have primary, secondary and tertiary structures. (a) State the type of intermolecular force responsible for maintaining the secondary structure. ...
... (Total 5 marks) When many 2-amino acid molecules react together a protein is formed. These proteins have primary, secondary and tertiary structures. (a) State the type of intermolecular force responsible for maintaining the secondary structure. ...
Chapter 6 notes
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
Properties of ATP - BioWiki
... also a hydrolysis reaction. These reactions are also called phosphoryl transfer reactions. One last note: ATP exists in cells as just one member of a pool of adenine nucleotides which consists of not only ATP, but also ADP and AMP (along with Pi). These constituents are readily interconvertible. We ...
... also a hydrolysis reaction. These reactions are also called phosphoryl transfer reactions. One last note: ATP exists in cells as just one member of a pool of adenine nucleotides which consists of not only ATP, but also ADP and AMP (along with Pi). These constituents are readily interconvertible. We ...
Cellular Respiration
... course. Instead, if you swallow some glucose, enzymes in your cells will lower the barrier of activation energy allowing the sugar to be oxidized in a series of steps. ...
... course. Instead, if you swallow some glucose, enzymes in your cells will lower the barrier of activation energy allowing the sugar to be oxidized in a series of steps. ...
Ch. 8 - ltcconline.net
... C. usable energy of most exergonic reactions (eg breaking down glucose) can be stored in ATP D. hydrolysis of ATP produces usable energy E. regeneration of ATP is endergonic; not spontaneous F. ATP cycle- moves at an astonishing pace G. the chemical potential energy temporarily stored in ATP drives ...
... C. usable energy of most exergonic reactions (eg breaking down glucose) can be stored in ATP D. hydrolysis of ATP produces usable energy E. regeneration of ATP is endergonic; not spontaneous F. ATP cycle- moves at an astonishing pace G. the chemical potential energy temporarily stored in ATP drives ...
03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________
... 03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________ 18. (6 pts) Please do one of the following choices. Choice A: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle are all regulated by “energy sensing”. Select one of the three pathways and describe: i) the step that is regulated (1 pt). ...
... 03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________ 18. (6 pts) Please do one of the following choices. Choice A: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle are all regulated by “energy sensing”. Select one of the three pathways and describe: i) the step that is regulated (1 pt). ...
A. Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis (1) proximity effect (2) acid
... -using a general base rather than OH- has the advantage that the basic group that is provided by the protein can be positioned precisely with respect to the substrate in the active site, allowing the proximity effect to come into play -hydrolysis of an ester can also be catalyzed by an acid where t ...
... -using a general base rather than OH- has the advantage that the basic group that is provided by the protein can be positioned precisely with respect to the substrate in the active site, allowing the proximity effect to come into play -hydrolysis of an ester can also be catalyzed by an acid where t ...
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... In basic solution, the groups are in their base forms, an overall anion In neutral solution cation and anion forms are present This pH where the overall charge is 0 is the isoelectric point, pI ...
... In basic solution, the groups are in their base forms, an overall anion In neutral solution cation and anion forms are present This pH where the overall charge is 0 is the isoelectric point, pI ...
Definitions Cycles Food Webs 100 500 400 300 200 200 100 300
... Pollution from factories and from the burning of fossil fuels leads to increased levels of sulfur dioxides and nitrous oxides into the atmosphere which can combine with water molecules creating ...
... Pollution from factories and from the burning of fossil fuels leads to increased levels of sulfur dioxides and nitrous oxides into the atmosphere which can combine with water molecules creating ...
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
... Substrate transfers a phosphate group directly Requires enzymes Phosphocreatine + ADP Creatine + ATP ...
... Substrate transfers a phosphate group directly Requires enzymes Phosphocreatine + ADP Creatine + ATP ...
Poster
... cycle, which causes the reaction to occur, and breakdown the chemical. However, for some particular substances, such as those in grapefruit, a VERY reactive intermediate is formed during the enzymatic cycle which actually reacts with an active site amino acid residue. This event causes a covalent bo ...
... cycle, which causes the reaction to occur, and breakdown the chemical. However, for some particular substances, such as those in grapefruit, a VERY reactive intermediate is formed during the enzymatic cycle which actually reacts with an active site amino acid residue. This event causes a covalent bo ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.