Slide 1
... cups of coffee can result in a positive drug test (urine levels greater than 12 ug/ml). 2. caffeine is a diuretic: increased water loss; greater likelihood of dehydration. 3. in large quantities can cause cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia. Also may result in mental confusion. ...
... cups of coffee can result in a positive drug test (urine levels greater than 12 ug/ml). 2. caffeine is a diuretic: increased water loss; greater likelihood of dehydration. 3. in large quantities can cause cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia. Also may result in mental confusion. ...
Macromolecule Packet
... 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lipids have more carb ...
... 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lipids have more carb ...
Nucleotide Metabolism - Indiana University
... • Fast, reversible, driven by high [ATP] • NMPNDP catalyzed by specific nucleoside monophosphate kinase • NDPNTP catalyzed by nonspecific kinase • AMP + ATP ADP + ADP important in energy balance ...
... • Fast, reversible, driven by high [ATP] • NMPNDP catalyzed by specific nucleoside monophosphate kinase • NDPNTP catalyzed by nonspecific kinase • AMP + ATP ADP + ADP important in energy balance ...
Lecture 27
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
NUTRIENT Handout
... All of the nutrients fit into one of these classes. Sometimes the things we ANALYZE, however, are not so clear cut. For example, we don't analyze just for "carbohydrates" because some of the carbohydrates are very digestible and some are very indigestible. For purposes of ANALYSIS, we often use a ve ...
... All of the nutrients fit into one of these classes. Sometimes the things we ANALYZE, however, are not so clear cut. For example, we don't analyze just for "carbohydrates" because some of the carbohydrates are very digestible and some are very indigestible. For purposes of ANALYSIS, we often use a ve ...
photosynthesis and respiration and flow of energy
... Glycolysis Glycolysis literally means "_____-splitting." In glycolysis, the ____-carbon sugar glucose is split into ___ molecules of pyruvate, also called ______acid. This process produces a net gain of _____ ATP molecules. Theresulting molecules of pyruvate each have carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes ...
... Glycolysis Glycolysis literally means "_____-splitting." In glycolysis, the ____-carbon sugar glucose is split into ___ molecules of pyruvate, also called ______acid. This process produces a net gain of _____ ATP molecules. Theresulting molecules of pyruvate each have carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes ...
ATP ENERGY PRODUCTION
... • At the onset of exercise there isn’t enough O2 to break down food fuels. • So the 2 anaerobic systems are used. • As heart rate and rate of ventilation increase more oxygen gets to the working muscles. • Within 1-2 minutes the muscles are being supplied with enough O2 to allow effective ...
... • At the onset of exercise there isn’t enough O2 to break down food fuels. • So the 2 anaerobic systems are used. • As heart rate and rate of ventilation increase more oxygen gets to the working muscles. • Within 1-2 minutes the muscles are being supplied with enough O2 to allow effective ...
Review for Final Spring 2011
... o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation y Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH y Pyruvate from Glycolysis either enter the mitochondria (cellular respiration) or stays in cytosol (one of the two types of fermentation) y Fermentation: Alcohol vs. lactic ...
... o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation y Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH y Pyruvate from Glycolysis either enter the mitochondria (cellular respiration) or stays in cytosol (one of the two types of fermentation) y Fermentation: Alcohol vs. lactic ...
KEY
... Identify each of the 5 chemical structures below by name, or by function if you do not know the name.. ...
... Identify each of the 5 chemical structures below by name, or by function if you do not know the name.. ...
Review for Final Summer 2011
... General formula for cellular respiration (Endergonic or Exergonic?) Where does each reaction take place? (see your worksheet) o Glycolysis o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH Pyruvate from Glycolysis eit ...
... General formula for cellular respiration (Endergonic or Exergonic?) Where does each reaction take place? (see your worksheet) o Glycolysis o Formation of acetyl CoA o Krebs cycle o Electron transport chain o Fermentation Glycolysis splits sugar to make ATP & NADH Pyruvate from Glycolysis eit ...
2chap9guidedreadingVideo
... Only true BioNinjas walk this chapter. Arm thyself and prepare for battle! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. Memory Tip (LEO says ...
... Only true BioNinjas walk this chapter. Arm thyself and prepare for battle! 1. Define the two catabolic pathways: a. Fermentation b. Cellular respiration 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. Memory Tip (LEO says ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Purpose of Fermentation If no new ATP is made during the process of fermentation, then why doesn’t the metabolic process just end at pyruvate when in anaerobic ...
... Purpose of Fermentation If no new ATP is made during the process of fermentation, then why doesn’t the metabolic process just end at pyruvate when in anaerobic ...
Biochemistry Final
... anabolic pathways, and can come from several different sources, as well as act as an allosteric inhibitor. It is the product of glycolysis, which can be used to fuel the TCA cycle under low ATP conditions by being converted to acetyl CoA; it can be reconverted to glucose in times of high energy char ...
... anabolic pathways, and can come from several different sources, as well as act as an allosteric inhibitor. It is the product of glycolysis, which can be used to fuel the TCA cycle under low ATP conditions by being converted to acetyl CoA; it can be reconverted to glucose in times of high energy char ...
Macromolecules
... is formed between the two monomers while a water molecule is also formed from the OH groups. This reaction is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme. This same type of condensation reaction can occur to form many kinds of polymers, from proteins to carbohydrates, nucleic acids to triglycerides. ...
... is formed between the two monomers while a water molecule is also formed from the OH groups. This reaction is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme. This same type of condensation reaction can occur to form many kinds of polymers, from proteins to carbohydrates, nucleic acids to triglycerides. ...
IB496-April 10 - School of Life Sciences
... Only flux through Rubisco leads to increased efficiency by providing 40-50% of the PGA for FA-biosynthesis ...
... Only flux through Rubisco leads to increased efficiency by providing 40-50% of the PGA for FA-biosynthesis ...
anaerobic respiration
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
... Eventually O2 will again be available and the lactic acid will get oxidized to make CO2 and H2O by this overall redox reaction: C3H6O3 + 3 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy Lactic acid conjugate acid for lactate ion ...
Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... Mmosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which introduces the protists through saliva into the circulatory system. A motile infective form (ca ...
... Mmosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which introduces the protists through saliva into the circulatory system. A motile infective form (ca ...
24.9 Synthesis of Amino Acids
... Overview, Metabolism Catabolic pathways • degrade large molecules. • form small molecules that enter the citric acid cycle and electron transport to produce energy. Anabolic pathways • use small molecules and energy. • synthesize larger molecules in the cell. In the overall view of metabolism, ther ...
... Overview, Metabolism Catabolic pathways • degrade large molecules. • form small molecules that enter the citric acid cycle and electron transport to produce energy. Anabolic pathways • use small molecules and energy. • synthesize larger molecules in the cell. In the overall view of metabolism, ther ...
Third Lecture - LSU School of Medicine
... secretion through interaction with βadrenergic receptors. * This leads to increased levels of cAMP, which in turn activate the N-acetyltransferase required for melatonin synthesis. ...
... secretion through interaction with βadrenergic receptors. * This leads to increased levels of cAMP, which in turn activate the N-acetyltransferase required for melatonin synthesis. ...
Elements Found in Living Things
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
CHAPTER 39: The Genetic Code
... Three nucleotides encode an amino acid. •DNA – only four bases (A,T,G,C) •Must code for 20 amino acids •Two-base code: 42 = 16 combinations •Four-base code: 44 = 256 combinations •Three-base code: 43 = 64 combinations ...
... Three nucleotides encode an amino acid. •DNA – only four bases (A,T,G,C) •Must code for 20 amino acids •Two-base code: 42 = 16 combinations •Four-base code: 44 = 256 combinations •Three-base code: 43 = 64 combinations ...
CellFactoryChemE355 - University of Washington
... are our chemicals still made from environmentally hazardous feedstocks? ...
... are our chemicals still made from environmentally hazardous feedstocks? ...
L20_StvnWAT
... • BUT liver can do b-oxidation on FA even if there is no need for ATP – In the liver, CoA can be regenerated in a pathway other than the Krebs cycle ...
... • BUT liver can do b-oxidation on FA even if there is no need for ATP – In the liver, CoA can be regenerated in a pathway other than the Krebs cycle ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.