0c5168dab2ecd61778b5bb175973dab5 UNPDF
... 10. The significance of “directionality” of the monomers in a polymer is that when you put the monomers together in a certain sequence/order they have ______________________ a. The process of “putting monomers together” is called b. What is lost during the process ? c. What kind of bond is formed ge ...
... 10. The significance of “directionality” of the monomers in a polymer is that when you put the monomers together in a certain sequence/order they have ______________________ a. The process of “putting monomers together” is called b. What is lost during the process ? c. What kind of bond is formed ge ...
3+4 - Using Other Fuels
... • It takes a while (~3 mins) for sufficient oxygen to meet the demands of respiration to reach the muscles, so aerobic respiration can never provide energy to resynthesise ATP in the immediate short term • Respiration of fats is slow and requires lots of oxygen so only occurs at low intensities • At ...
... • It takes a while (~3 mins) for sufficient oxygen to meet the demands of respiration to reach the muscles, so aerobic respiration can never provide energy to resynthesise ATP in the immediate short term • Respiration of fats is slow and requires lots of oxygen so only occurs at low intensities • At ...
Chapter 5
... not directly participate in oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria since the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to it, but it sends a “virtual equivalent” into the mitochondria via one of two pathways: the aspartate-malate shuttle combines malate-a-ketoglutarate antiports, aspartate- ...
... not directly participate in oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria since the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to it, but it sends a “virtual equivalent” into the mitochondria via one of two pathways: the aspartate-malate shuttle combines malate-a-ketoglutarate antiports, aspartate- ...
Chapter 13: Carbohydrates
... compact and round shape. The non-polar R groups point inward and the polar R groups point outward and this makes these proteins soluble in water. Fibrous proteins, like keratin (hair, skin), consist of long, thin, fibrous shapes. Cross-linking is an important aspect and determines whether you have ...
... compact and round shape. The non-polar R groups point inward and the polar R groups point outward and this makes these proteins soluble in water. Fibrous proteins, like keratin (hair, skin), consist of long, thin, fibrous shapes. Cross-linking is an important aspect and determines whether you have ...
Generalities Main amino acid reactions
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
Lecture 27
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
NAME_________________ 1 BIO 451 13th
... A. Hormonal stimulation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [IP3] quickly leads to the release of which intracellular second messenger? __d___ a. cGMP ...
... A. Hormonal stimulation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [IP3] quickly leads to the release of which intracellular second messenger? __d___ a. cGMP ...
Cellular Respiration chapt06
... The Krebs Cycle begins with pyruvate (from Glycolysis) Remember, there are 2 pyruvates made from each Glucose, so there are 2 Krebs Cycles for every glucose molecule During a Kreb’s Cycle the pyruvate (a 3 carbon molecule) will be completely oxidized to become 3 carbon dioxide molecules (one carbon ...
... The Krebs Cycle begins with pyruvate (from Glycolysis) Remember, there are 2 pyruvates made from each Glucose, so there are 2 Krebs Cycles for every glucose molecule During a Kreb’s Cycle the pyruvate (a 3 carbon molecule) will be completely oxidized to become 3 carbon dioxide molecules (one carbon ...
Energy Transfer Review notes
... The cell extracts energy and applies energy to perform work The First Law of Thermodynamics According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant Energy can be transferred and transformed Energy cannot be created or destroyed The first law is also called the principle ...
... The cell extracts energy and applies energy to perform work The First Law of Thermodynamics According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant Energy can be transferred and transformed Energy cannot be created or destroyed The first law is also called the principle ...
4 Metabolism and Enzymes
... Electron Transport Chain and ATP Generation FADH2 + NADH + O2 --> lots of ATP + H2O + NAD+ + FAD+ Terminal aerobic electron acceptor O2--->H2O Anaerobic bacteria use nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide Fermentation is not anaerobic respiration Performed by facultative anaerobes Restart glycolysis by re ...
... Electron Transport Chain and ATP Generation FADH2 + NADH + O2 --> lots of ATP + H2O + NAD+ + FAD+ Terminal aerobic electron acceptor O2--->H2O Anaerobic bacteria use nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide Fermentation is not anaerobic respiration Performed by facultative anaerobes Restart glycolysis by re ...
07_Metabolism of aminoacids
... are markedly elevated in both blood and urine. The urine has the odor of maple syrup The early symptoms: ...
... are markedly elevated in both blood and urine. The urine has the odor of maple syrup The early symptoms: ...
Lecture Slides
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many steps. ...
... • The path that electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen involves many steps. ...
From floppy infant to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC
... accumulation of organic acids. In the presented case, an uneventful history, dysmorphic features, rapidly deteriorating condition, seizures, encephalopathy, associated with persistent lactic acidemia were highly suggestive of a metabolic disorder. The PDHC is a key player in energy metabolism. It co ...
... accumulation of organic acids. In the presented case, an uneventful history, dysmorphic features, rapidly deteriorating condition, seizures, encephalopathy, associated with persistent lactic acidemia were highly suggestive of a metabolic disorder. The PDHC is a key player in energy metabolism. It co ...
Macromolecules practice worksheet key
... 5. Why are the chemical shapes of lipids different between saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats have the maximum amount of hydrogens bound to the carbons of the F.A. chains, therefore, they lack double bonds and can pack tightly forming solids at room temp. and unsaturated fats have less ...
... 5. Why are the chemical shapes of lipids different between saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats have the maximum amount of hydrogens bound to the carbons of the F.A. chains, therefore, they lack double bonds and can pack tightly forming solids at room temp. and unsaturated fats have less ...
Proteins in body fluids
... 4) Cholecystokinin (blood hormone) stimulate Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxy-peptidase A and B. 5) Enteropeptidase (secrete by intestinal) activated trypsinogen. Acute pancreatitis ???? ...
... 4) Cholecystokinin (blood hormone) stimulate Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxy-peptidase A and B. 5) Enteropeptidase (secrete by intestinal) activated trypsinogen. Acute pancreatitis ???? ...
Exam 1 Q2 Review Sheet
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
functional group
... 4. Enzymes are used 5. ATP is required 6. 1 H2O molecule is released for each bond made between monomers ...
... 4. Enzymes are used 5. ATP is required 6. 1 H2O molecule is released for each bond made between monomers ...
BI 200 - Exam #2
... C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy. D) none of the above. 5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is A) to provide buoyancy for the organism. B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion. D) non ...
... C) function as a storage depot for carbon and energy. D) none of the above. 5. A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is A) to provide buoyancy for the organism. B) to serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) to keep the cell’s organelles separated during flagellar motion. D) non ...
Ch. 5 Biochemistry
... hydroxyl group while the other provides a hydrogen to form a water molecule ...
... hydroxyl group while the other provides a hydrogen to form a water molecule ...
Advances around technologies investigating mitochondrial function
... are not limited to glucose, but encompass the entire metabolism. Insulin controls not only glucose, but fat and protein metabolism as well. Furthermore, body structures of patients with this disease become abnormal, termed complications, which eventually lead to the death of patients. The mitochondr ...
... are not limited to glucose, but encompass the entire metabolism. Insulin controls not only glucose, but fat and protein metabolism as well. Furthermore, body structures of patients with this disease become abnormal, termed complications, which eventually lead to the death of patients. The mitochondr ...
Close Reading for Macromolecules
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
Muscle Metabolism lecture teacher
... 1. when you work your muscles beyond what they are used to, you create microscopic tears in the muscle tissue. The more work you perform, the more tears you create. Also, when you perform exercises where you emphasize the eccentric contraction (basically resisting the weight as it's lowered), these ...
... 1. when you work your muscles beyond what they are used to, you create microscopic tears in the muscle tissue. The more work you perform, the more tears you create. Also, when you perform exercises where you emphasize the eccentric contraction (basically resisting the weight as it's lowered), these ...
Complete the following
... molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid with two molecules of NADH and a small quantity energy as 2 ATP released. Pyruvic acid is converted according to the type of cell in which it was formed, in case of animal cells, especially the muscle fibers, when the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exer ...
... molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid with two molecules of NADH and a small quantity energy as 2 ATP released. Pyruvic acid is converted according to the type of cell in which it was formed, in case of animal cells, especially the muscle fibers, when the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exer ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.