Biosc_48_Chapter_5_lecture
... H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer membranes. b. This sets up a huge concentration gradient of H+ between the membranes. c. H+ can only move through the inner membrane through structures called respiratory assemblies d. Movement of H+ across the membrane provid ...
... H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer membranes. b. This sets up a huge concentration gradient of H+ between the membranes. c. H+ can only move through the inner membrane through structures called respiratory assemblies d. Movement of H+ across the membrane provid ...
28.1 Digestion of Protein
... because the volume of water needed to accomplish this safely would cause dehydration. Mammals must first convert ammonia, in solution as ammonium ion, to nontoxic urea via the urea cycle. • Urea formation begins with an energy investment, Ammonium ion, bicarbonate ion, and ATP combine to form ...
... because the volume of water needed to accomplish this safely would cause dehydration. Mammals must first convert ammonia, in solution as ammonium ion, to nontoxic urea via the urea cycle. • Urea formation begins with an energy investment, Ammonium ion, bicarbonate ion, and ATP combine to form ...
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concepts and kinetics
... All reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. The activity of the glycolysis is regulated. Glucose metabolism in humans •Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate in 10 linked reactions. •Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is metabolized to lactate (2 ATP). •Under aerobic conditions pyruvate oxidized to CO2 and ...
... All reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. The activity of the glycolysis is regulated. Glucose metabolism in humans •Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate in 10 linked reactions. •Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is metabolized to lactate (2 ATP). •Under aerobic conditions pyruvate oxidized to CO2 and ...
Requirements for Test Review-Solutions-Acid-Base-Grade 11-2015
... know experimentally which is the stronger electrolyte) (answer: light bulb experiment (which is brighter, more dim), rate of reaction with metal and metal carbonate for acids, measurement of pH) ...
... know experimentally which is the stronger electrolyte) (answer: light bulb experiment (which is brighter, more dim), rate of reaction with metal and metal carbonate for acids, measurement of pH) ...
Chapter 2
... -has a specific function e.g. hemoglobin –has iron ring that binds to oxygen. glycoprotein – carbohydrate (sugar) is prosthetic group. Enzymes – proteins that function as a catalyst – permit biochemical reactions to occur rapidly at normal body temperature. - they act upon substrates (other substanc ...
... -has a specific function e.g. hemoglobin –has iron ring that binds to oxygen. glycoprotein – carbohydrate (sugar) is prosthetic group. Enzymes – proteins that function as a catalyst – permit biochemical reactions to occur rapidly at normal body temperature. - they act upon substrates (other substanc ...
Topic 7.11 Chlorophyll Biosynthesis In the first phase of chlorophyll
... magnesium chelatase, then the additional steps needed to convert the molecule into chlorophyll take place; if iron is inserted, the species ultimately becomes heme. The next phase of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway is the formation of the fifth ring (ring E) by cyclization of one of the propion ...
... magnesium chelatase, then the additional steps needed to convert the molecule into chlorophyll take place; if iron is inserted, the species ultimately becomes heme. The next phase of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway is the formation of the fifth ring (ring E) by cyclization of one of the propion ...
Course Name:
... 3. Harper's Biochemistry, Editors: Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell (1999), Pub. Appleton & Lange, A Simon and Shuster ...
... 3. Harper's Biochemistry, Editors: Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell (1999), Pub. Appleton & Lange, A Simon and Shuster ...
VEN 124 Section IV
... compounds, especially from the degradation of amino acids. It is likely that some of these compounds are also being produced during growth in wine. ...
... compounds, especially from the degradation of amino acids. It is likely that some of these compounds are also being produced during growth in wine. ...
called Oxidative phosphorylation.
... carbons of glucose to CO2 via glycolysis and CAC without any oxygen molecule directly involved. In all the oxidative reactions so far, the electron acceptors (i.e. the oxidizing agents) were NAD+ and a FAD. The free energy released in these oxidation reactions were stored as reduced compounds (NADH ...
... carbons of glucose to CO2 via glycolysis and CAC without any oxygen molecule directly involved. In all the oxidative reactions so far, the electron acceptors (i.e. the oxidizing agents) were NAD+ and a FAD. The free energy released in these oxidation reactions were stored as reduced compounds (NADH ...
Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation So far we
... carbons of glucose to CO2 via glycolysis and CAC without any oxygen molecule directly involved. In all the oxidative reactions so far, the electron acceptors (i.e. the oxidizing agents) were NAD+ and a FAD. The free energy released in these oxidation reactions were stored as reduced compounds (NADH ...
... carbons of glucose to CO2 via glycolysis and CAC without any oxygen molecule directly involved. In all the oxidative reactions so far, the electron acceptors (i.e. the oxidizing agents) were NAD+ and a FAD. The free energy released in these oxidation reactions were stored as reduced compounds (NADH ...
The Fermentation of Pyruvate
... ªReview: In the process of glycolysis, a net profit of two ATP was produced, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose was split into two pyruvate molecules. ªWhen oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ fro ...
... ªReview: In the process of glycolysis, a net profit of two ATP was produced, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose was split into two pyruvate molecules. ªWhen oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ fro ...
Oxidation of Cytoplasmic Reduced NAD (NADH+H )
... covalent bonds between carbon atoms or in the form of ATP molecules, into kinetic energy (energy in use) to accomplish cell division, growth, biosynthesis, active transport and all other processes that need energy. Although complicated, biological systems obey the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. ...
... covalent bonds between carbon atoms or in the form of ATP molecules, into kinetic energy (energy in use) to accomplish cell division, growth, biosynthesis, active transport and all other processes that need energy. Although complicated, biological systems obey the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. ...
Seminar compendium 2016/2017
... Enzymes need to have different activity in different cells and at different times. The regulation can be carried out by various modes. Two important mechanisms are covalent modification and allosteric regulation. Discuss the principles for these modes! Many enzymatic reactions are energy-requiring a ...
... Enzymes need to have different activity in different cells and at different times. The regulation can be carried out by various modes. Two important mechanisms are covalent modification and allosteric regulation. Discuss the principles for these modes! Many enzymatic reactions are energy-requiring a ...
Inborn errors of Metabolism (IEM)
... • Unable to mobilise full energy from fat during fasting • Prolonged fasting → hypoglycaemia • Impaired ketone production – Hypoketotic response to hypoglycaemia ...
... • Unable to mobilise full energy from fat during fasting • Prolonged fasting → hypoglycaemia • Impaired ketone production – Hypoketotic response to hypoglycaemia ...
7 | cellular respiration
... • Describe the overall result in terms of molecules produced in the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis • Compare the output of glycolysis in terms of ATP molecules and NADH molecules produced You have read that nearly all of the energy used by living cells comes to them in the bonds of the sugar, gl ...
... • Describe the overall result in terms of molecules produced in the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis • Compare the output of glycolysis in terms of ATP molecules and NADH molecules produced You have read that nearly all of the energy used by living cells comes to them in the bonds of the sugar, gl ...
Document
... D. None of the above 0.75___A___ 86. Which of the following is/are cell associated recognition molecules? A. receptors B. hormones C. protein kinase D. none of the above 0.75___D___ 87. Hormones are synthesized, A. in one tissue transported to act on another organ B. by cells of epithelial origin C. ...
... D. None of the above 0.75___A___ 86. Which of the following is/are cell associated recognition molecules? A. receptors B. hormones C. protein kinase D. none of the above 0.75___D___ 87. Hormones are synthesized, A. in one tissue transported to act on another organ B. by cells of epithelial origin C. ...
Final Exam - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... C3H3(C3H2)10COO3H is added to a preparation of disrupted mitochondria, which degrades it completely to acetyl CoA. If 6 micromole of product are re-isolated from the reaction mixture, hydrolyzed to free acetate, and assayed for radioactivity, what will be the overall tritium-tocarbon ratio? b) (15 p ...
... C3H3(C3H2)10COO3H is added to a preparation of disrupted mitochondria, which degrades it completely to acetyl CoA. If 6 micromole of product are re-isolated from the reaction mixture, hydrolyzed to free acetate, and assayed for radioactivity, what will be the overall tritium-tocarbon ratio? b) (15 p ...
BSc in Applied Biotechnology 3 BO0045 ‑ MICROBIOLOGY
... glucose to pyruvate, using a different set of enzymes from those used in either glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway. • This pathway can occur only in prokaryotes. • A distinct feature of Entner-Doudoroff pathway is that it uses 6-phosphogluconate dehydrase and 2-keto-3-deoxyglucosephophate a ...
... glucose to pyruvate, using a different set of enzymes from those used in either glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway. • This pathway can occur only in prokaryotes. • A distinct feature of Entner-Doudoroff pathway is that it uses 6-phosphogluconate dehydrase and 2-keto-3-deoxyglucosephophate a ...
RACC BIO Cellular respiration
... Three NADH and one FADH2 are formed. These will be used to generate energy in the form of ATP later. ...
... Three NADH and one FADH2 are formed. These will be used to generate energy in the form of ATP later. ...
3+4 - Using Other Fuels
... • It takes a while (~3 mins) for sufficient oxygen to meet the demands of respiration to reach the muscles, so aerobic respiration can never provide energy to resynthesise ATP in the immediate short term • Respiration of fats is slow and requires lots of oxygen so only occurs at low intensities • At ...
... • It takes a while (~3 mins) for sufficient oxygen to meet the demands of respiration to reach the muscles, so aerobic respiration can never provide energy to resynthesise ATP in the immediate short term • Respiration of fats is slow and requires lots of oxygen so only occurs at low intensities • At ...
Chapter 7
... complicated processes; each requires many steps and many enzymes. The two processes are called: 1. The TCA cycle- in this process, H atoms are carefully removed from each acetyl. The H atoms carry energy-rich electrons. They will then be transported to: 2. The Electron Transport Chain- in this proce ...
... complicated processes; each requires many steps and many enzymes. The two processes are called: 1. The TCA cycle- in this process, H atoms are carefully removed from each acetyl. The H atoms carry energy-rich electrons. They will then be transported to: 2. The Electron Transport Chain- in this proce ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.