chapter 14
... Enumerate the assumptions that we undertake in making the respiratory balance sheet. Are these assumptions valid for a living system? Compare fermentation and aerobic respiration in this context. ...
... Enumerate the assumptions that we undertake in making the respiratory balance sheet. Are these assumptions valid for a living system? Compare fermentation and aerobic respiration in this context. ...
Multiple choice questions
... The process of breaking down triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and glycerol is ...
... The process of breaking down triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and glycerol is ...
Lecture 7 (2/06/08) " Single
... ______________ 2. In order to make long polymers of sugar, two monomers can be brought together by enzymes such that their hydroxyl groups (-OH) through couple together. This catalysis is an example of a _______________reaction. condensation ...
... ______________ 2. In order to make long polymers of sugar, two monomers can be brought together by enzymes such that their hydroxyl groups (-OH) through couple together. This catalysis is an example of a _______________reaction. condensation ...
ADP: adenine diphosphate. The low-energy form of ATP. Contains
... transcript from it that will not leave the nucleus but instead will be cut out. Krebbs Cycle: the series of chemical reactions that occurs within the matrix of the mitochondrion that begins with the incorporation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetic acid (to produce a three-carbon organic acid, citrate, a ...
... transcript from it that will not leave the nucleus but instead will be cut out. Krebbs Cycle: the series of chemical reactions that occurs within the matrix of the mitochondrion that begins with the incorporation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetic acid (to produce a three-carbon organic acid, citrate, a ...
NME2.35: amino acid and protein metabolism 13/03/08
... There are around 300 known amino acids present in animal, plant and microbial systems o All endogenous human amino acids are of the levo (L) stereoisomer form Only 20 amino acids are coded for by DNA for protein synthesis o 9 of these are essential amino acids and rely principally on dietary intake ...
... There are around 300 known amino acids present in animal, plant and microbial systems o All endogenous human amino acids are of the levo (L) stereoisomer form Only 20 amino acids are coded for by DNA for protein synthesis o 9 of these are essential amino acids and rely principally on dietary intake ...
Glycolysis
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
Amino Acids
... off grass or wood has these specific bacteria in their guts to break the cellulose into digestible disaccharides.] ...
... off grass or wood has these specific bacteria in their guts to break the cellulose into digestible disaccharides.] ...
Acid-Base Principles to Organic Acids
... ID structural features and reactive sites (alpha C, beta C, LG, etc.) ID Nu- and E+ use curved arrows to show bonds breaking and forming show delocalized electrons with resonance structures. Key ideas: Organic acids are weak, e.g., acetic acid pKa = 5 The charge on an acid depends on pH and pK (see ...
... ID structural features and reactive sites (alpha C, beta C, LG, etc.) ID Nu- and E+ use curved arrows to show bonds breaking and forming show delocalized electrons with resonance structures. Key ideas: Organic acids are weak, e.g., acetic acid pKa = 5 The charge on an acid depends on pH and pK (see ...
17. Amino acids are precursors of many specialized biomolecules
... • Pro and Arg are derived from Asp, which is synthesized from a-ketoglutarate. • Ser, Gly, and Cys are derived from 3phosphoglycerate. • Lys is derived from oxaloacetate (as Asp), pyruvate and Glu; Met is derived from oxaloacetate (as Asp), Cys, and N5-methyl H4 folate; Thr is derived from ...
... • Pro and Arg are derived from Asp, which is synthesized from a-ketoglutarate. • Ser, Gly, and Cys are derived from 3phosphoglycerate. • Lys is derived from oxaloacetate (as Asp), pyruvate and Glu; Met is derived from oxaloacetate (as Asp), Cys, and N5-methyl H4 folate; Thr is derived from ...
Ch. 6 PPT
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • In the citric acid cycle ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • In the citric acid cycle ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... precursor metabolites, but you should understand that the central metabolic pathways produce them and that they are used to make subunits: Subunits (made from precursor metabolites) amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides glycerol fatty acids ...
... precursor metabolites, but you should understand that the central metabolic pathways produce them and that they are used to make subunits: Subunits (made from precursor metabolites) amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides glycerol fatty acids ...
Xenobiotic
... hypoglycemia especially after fasting ingestion of alcohol (+ usually poor dietary habits in chronic alcoholics) B) Excess of lactate in cytosol increased lactate in blood plasma lactic acidosis C) Excess of acetyl-CoA synthesis of FA +TAG liver steatosis ...
... hypoglycemia especially after fasting ingestion of alcohol (+ usually poor dietary habits in chronic alcoholics) B) Excess of lactate in cytosol increased lactate in blood plasma lactic acidosis C) Excess of acetyl-CoA synthesis of FA +TAG liver steatosis ...
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Modern Biology Textbook Holt
... Lynn English High School Science Department ...
... Lynn English High School Science Department ...
energy essentials
... 9. CELL RESPIRATION BREAKS CHEMICAL BONDS IN GLUCOSE TO RELEASE THE POTENTIAL ENERGY SO IT CAN BE USED BY CELLS. THIS WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF _________. A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
... 9. CELL RESPIRATION BREAKS CHEMICAL BONDS IN GLUCOSE TO RELEASE THE POTENTIAL ENERGY SO IT CAN BE USED BY CELLS. THIS WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF _________. A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
CH 2 - Faperta UGM
... 8 Acetyl-CoA + 14NADPH + 7H+ + 7ATP Palmitate + 14NADP+ + 8 HSCoA + 6H2O + 7ADP + 7Pi ...
... 8 Acetyl-CoA + 14NADPH + 7H+ + 7ATP Palmitate + 14NADP+ + 8 HSCoA + 6H2O + 7ADP + 7Pi ...
Unit 4 Cell Structure, Metabolism and the Nutrients that Support
... Dietary and adipose triglycerides are broken down by _____________ to yield one glycerol and 3 free fatty acids Free fatty acids are used for __________________ or ______________________ __________________ is converted to pyruvate, then to acetyl CoA for entry into the TCA cycle What about Energy fr ...
... Dietary and adipose triglycerides are broken down by _____________ to yield one glycerol and 3 free fatty acids Free fatty acids are used for __________________ or ______________________ __________________ is converted to pyruvate, then to acetyl CoA for entry into the TCA cycle What about Energy fr ...
Chap 3 - CRCBiologyY11
... upon – e.g. lipase acts on lipid, and protease breaks down proteins, amylase breaks down starches (sugars) • When fitted together, they form an ‘enzyme-substrate complex’ according to the popular ‘lock and key’ theory. • The rate of enzyme activity is affected by various factors such as temperature, ...
... upon – e.g. lipase acts on lipid, and protease breaks down proteins, amylase breaks down starches (sugars) • When fitted together, they form an ‘enzyme-substrate complex’ according to the popular ‘lock and key’ theory. • The rate of enzyme activity is affected by various factors such as temperature, ...
TAKE HOME TEST A
... CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COCH2CHOCCH2(CH2)12(CH2CH=CH)3CH3 OH ...
... CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COCH2CHOCCH2(CH2)12(CH2CH=CH)3CH3 OH ...
Final a
... 5. (8pts) Draw a balanced equation for the overall reaction mediated by the Calvin cycle, assuming the production of one glucose molecule from carbon dioxide. How many turnovers are required from Rubisco for each glucose produced? ...
... 5. (8pts) Draw a balanced equation for the overall reaction mediated by the Calvin cycle, assuming the production of one glucose molecule from carbon dioxide. How many turnovers are required from Rubisco for each glucose produced? ...
Option B Rev A
... – Lactate accumulation occurs simultaneously with other factors that do lower muscle pH (i.e., cause accumulation of H+) • One example is the release of H+ that occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed for energy ...
... – Lactate accumulation occurs simultaneously with other factors that do lower muscle pH (i.e., cause accumulation of H+) • One example is the release of H+ that occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed for energy ...
Removal of materials from the blood
... • Liver suffers a disease which prevents its cells from absorbing bilirubin • Bile duct becomes blocked • Excessively high rate of red blood cells occurs ...
... • Liver suffers a disease which prevents its cells from absorbing bilirubin • Bile duct becomes blocked • Excessively high rate of red blood cells occurs ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport Chain(ETC)
... • Electrons stored in the form of the reduced coenzymes, NADH or [FADH2], are passed through an elaborate and highly organized chain of proteins and coenzymes, therefore called electron transport chain, finally reaching O2 (molecular oxygen) is the terminal electron acceptor. • Each component of th ...
... • Electrons stored in the form of the reduced coenzymes, NADH or [FADH2], are passed through an elaborate and highly organized chain of proteins and coenzymes, therefore called electron transport chain, finally reaching O2 (molecular oxygen) is the terminal electron acceptor. • Each component of th ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.