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Cycles of Matter PP
Cycles of Matter PP

... A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and non-living, parts of an ecosystem. ...
ORGANIC ACIDS – Ketone/Fatty Acids (urine)
ORGANIC ACIDS – Ketone/Fatty Acids (urine)

biochem notes
biochem notes

... Peptide Bond • Covalent bond linking two amino acids • A condensation reaction (water is formed and released) • Long chains of amino acids has positive and negative regions which fold to give protein molecules unique shapes • The shapes can be denatured when heated ...
Tymoczko, Biochemistry: A Short Course 3e, Launchpad
Tymoczko, Biochemistry: A Short Course 3e, Launchpad

... 6. Advanced glycation end products are a. products of reactions between reducing sugars and free amino groups. b. two or more sugars joined together in a covalent bond. c. products of a reaction between sucrose and proteins. d. solely composed of long carbohydrate polymers on free amino groups. 7. H ...
Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The
Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The

100
100

... What polysaccharide is found in plants and is edible? ...
CO 2
CO 2

... • ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which • an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP • ATP is formed. ...
pbl – night starvation - UQMBBS-2013
pbl – night starvation - UQMBBS-2013

... (b) State whether energy stores in these organs can be used to maintain blood glucose concentrations during fasting, and if not, explain why (3 marks) Liver glycogen can be degraded into glucose and released into the blood to maintain BGL. Muscle glycogen is broken down the glucose but cannot exit ...
Protocol S1.
Protocol S1.

... parental amino acid sequence files. It uses the protein structural information to properly fold the parental amino acid sequences and then identifies potentially interacting amino acid pairs based on their proximity (in this case within 4.5 Å) within the resulting folds. The amino acid contact map y ...
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File

... named stage(s) / named intermediate compound(s); Krebs cycle / ETC, happens = E4 ‘other stages such as link reaction are involved’ = S4 + E4 e.g. pyruvate / acetyl CoA / acetate IGNORE NAD(H) / FAD(H) / ATP ...
ppt
ppt

... Energy can be converted from one form to another. The sum of the energy before the conversion is equal to the sum of the energy after the conversion. • 2nd law- Some usable energy dissipates during transformations and is lost. During changes from one form of energy to another, some usable energy dis ...
Remember: Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks bonds.
Remember: Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks bonds.

... 2. List three carbon-containing groups or molecules that are not organic. There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar) molecules are used in many different living things for the same purpose. 3. Saccharides are sugars and carbohydrates. Sugars (monosaccharides and di ...
5-2 Necleotide Metabolism (pyrimidine) - Home
5-2 Necleotide Metabolism (pyrimidine) - Home

... phosphate with aspartate with the release of Pi •ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP •carbamoyl phosphate is an “activated” compound, so no energy input is needed at this step ...
Spotlight on Metabolism
Spotlight on Metabolism

... – Forming glucose from glucogenic amino acids and other compounds – Typical fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose, although glycerol can ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... • 2 Types: Alcoholic & Lactic Acid ...
Lecture 24
Lecture 24

... This enzyme is just like pyruvate dehydrogenase, a multi enzyme complex that is specific for longer CoA derivatives ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... Photosynthesis builds these large organic molecules using CO2 as building blocks and solar radiation as the energy source. ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... • Hydrogen addition and removal is stereospecific. ...
Cellular Respiration Jigsaw Activity Hand each student a standard
Cellular Respiration Jigsaw Activity Hand each student a standard

... 2) In the absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs, in which more ATP is produced. ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1

... (gluconeogenesis) is controlled by the allosteric regulator F-2,6bisphosphate, as well as, energy charge (ATP/AMP), and citrate levels. • The Cori Cycle recycles lactate produced in anaerobic muscle cells during exercise by exporting it to the liver where it is converted to pyruvate and used to synt ...
File - Mrs Jones A
File - Mrs Jones A

... named stage(s) / named intermediate compound(s); Krebs cycle / ETC, happens = E4 ‘other stages such as link reaction are involved’ = S4 + E4 e.g. pyruvate / acetyl CoA / acetate IGNORE NAD(H) / FAD(H) / ATP ...
Regulation of Glycolysis - Valdosta State University
Regulation of Glycolysis - Valdosta State University

... • Both mobilization and synthesis of glycogen are regulated by hormones and allosterically • Insulin, glucagon and epinephrine regulate mammalian glycogen metabolism (hormones) • Ca2+ and [AMP]/[ATP] (muscle glycogen ...
Chp5B - OoCities
Chp5B - OoCities

... Are major nutrients for cells (glucose). Store energy in their chemical bonds which is harvested by cellular respiration. Can be incorporated as monomers into disaccharides and polysaccharides. ...
Energy - jpinks
Energy - jpinks

... releases energy. This energy is used to add a phosphate back on the ADP recharging it into an ATP. (Synthesis Reaction) 3. Sometimes another phosphate is pulled off of the ADP before it gets recharged. This forms an AMP molecule which must have two phosphates added to become a fully charged ATP. * T ...
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Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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