REVIEW FOR FINALS TT^TT (TEEHEE)x
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. ...
... 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. ...
1 - VCOMcc
... drug binds to the HMG-CoA reductase. Which of the following would most likely NOT occur as a result of this drug therapy? a. Her cells would increase production of LDL receptors. b. Her cells would decrease synthesis of fatty acids. c. Her blood level of LDL would be lower than before the drug thera ...
... drug binds to the HMG-CoA reductase. Which of the following would most likely NOT occur as a result of this drug therapy? a. Her cells would increase production of LDL receptors. b. Her cells would decrease synthesis of fatty acids. c. Her blood level of LDL would be lower than before the drug thera ...
Metabolism of amino acid
... Ala is the carrier of ammonia and of the carbon skeleton of pyruvate from muscle to liver. The ammonia is excreted and the pyruvate is used to produce glucose, which is returned to the muscle. ...
... Ala is the carrier of ammonia and of the carbon skeleton of pyruvate from muscle to liver. The ammonia is excreted and the pyruvate is used to produce glucose, which is returned to the muscle. ...
Lecture 11 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Likewise ATP and acetyl CoA are hydrolyzed slowly without a catalyst The stability of these molecules allow them to control the flow of free energy and reducing power ...
... Likewise ATP and acetyl CoA are hydrolyzed slowly without a catalyst The stability of these molecules allow them to control the flow of free energy and reducing power ...
Biological Molecules
... • Macromolecules as reactants are broken down for energy: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(l) All the reactions of a living thing are called its metabolism ...
... • Macromolecules as reactants are broken down for energy: C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(l) All the reactions of a living thing are called its metabolism ...
Enzymes
... specific coenzymes NAD+ & FAD, to form energy-rich reduced coenzymes, NADH & FADH2. • Reduced coenzymes can donate a pair of e’s each to specialized set of e-carriers, collectively called electron transport chain (ETC) • As e’s pass down ETC they lose much of their free energy. Part of which can be ...
... specific coenzymes NAD+ & FAD, to form energy-rich reduced coenzymes, NADH & FADH2. • Reduced coenzymes can donate a pair of e’s each to specialized set of e-carriers, collectively called electron transport chain (ETC) • As e’s pass down ETC they lose much of their free energy. Part of which can be ...
POWERPOINT NOTES SHEET 2.3 Carbon Compounds
... • _________________________________ is the complete, three-dimensional arrangement of a polypeptide chain. • Proteins with more than ___________________ have a fourth level of structure, which describes the way in which the different polypeptide chains are arranged with respect to each other. • For ...
... • _________________________________ is the complete, three-dimensional arrangement of a polypeptide chain. • Proteins with more than ___________________ have a fourth level of structure, which describes the way in which the different polypeptide chains are arranged with respect to each other. • For ...
3 ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION
... comparable with the approximately 1.6% change in Hc associated with unsaturation. As Darvey[1999] has pointed out, the yield of energy during -oxidation is significantly smaller than that from the subsequent oxidation of the acetyl CoA by the TCA cycle. However, it is clear from Figure 4 that the ...
... comparable with the approximately 1.6% change in Hc associated with unsaturation. As Darvey[1999] has pointed out, the yield of energy during -oxidation is significantly smaller than that from the subsequent oxidation of the acetyl CoA by the TCA cycle. However, it is clear from Figure 4 that the ...
Acid - Perkins Science
... mirror images of each other. They are like left- and right-handed gloves: if the palms are facing the same direction, they cannot be superimposed on each other. See D- and L-glyceraldehyde ...
... mirror images of each other. They are like left- and right-handed gloves: if the palms are facing the same direction, they cannot be superimposed on each other. See D- and L-glyceraldehyde ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
... (see figure on following page). BIOSYNTHESIS (ANABOLISM) ...
... (see figure on following page). BIOSYNTHESIS (ANABOLISM) ...
Water soluble vitamins
... -pyruvate dehydrogenase and alphaketoglutarate complexes -succinate dehydrogenase (Krebs cycle) -fatty acids oxidation (acyl CoA dehydrogenase) -uric acid formation (xanthine oxidase) -electron transport in respiration chain ...
... -pyruvate dehydrogenase and alphaketoglutarate complexes -succinate dehydrogenase (Krebs cycle) -fatty acids oxidation (acyl CoA dehydrogenase) -uric acid formation (xanthine oxidase) -electron transport in respiration chain ...
Chapter 6- Cell Structure and Function
... -No, photosynthesis is not a perfect process. One enzyme involved in the Calvin Cycle—Rubisco—has an active site which can accept oxygen gas (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2). If oxygen binds to the active site of Rubisco, the enzyme cannot do its job of beginning the process to “fix” (aka convert) carbo ...
... -No, photosynthesis is not a perfect process. One enzyme involved in the Calvin Cycle—Rubisco—has an active site which can accept oxygen gas (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2). If oxygen binds to the active site of Rubisco, the enzyme cannot do its job of beginning the process to “fix” (aka convert) carbo ...
12-Glycolysis2016-11-15 13:225.6 MB
... Regulation by: allosteric effectors. When ATP and Citrate are abundant (more than enough) they inhibit the reaction N.B they are not involved in the chemical reaction they have allosteric effect ...
... Regulation by: allosteric effectors. When ATP and Citrate are abundant (more than enough) they inhibit the reaction N.B they are not involved in the chemical reaction they have allosteric effect ...
Ch - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms ● FEEDBACK INHIBITION is the most common mechanism for control ● If ATP concentration begins to drop, ● when there is plenty of ATP, ● Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the ...
... Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms ● FEEDBACK INHIBITION is the most common mechanism for control ● If ATP concentration begins to drop, ● when there is plenty of ATP, ● Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the ...
Photosynthesis Part 5
... To prevent water loss C3 plants close stomata which results in photorespiration Photorespiration – plants fix O2 instead of CO2 – producing a 2C compound instead of G3P Photorespiration = use of ATP from light reactions but with no sugar production ...
... To prevent water loss C3 plants close stomata which results in photorespiration Photorespiration – plants fix O2 instead of CO2 – producing a 2C compound instead of G3P Photorespiration = use of ATP from light reactions but with no sugar production ...
Dark Reactions
... Recall the oxygenase activity of rubisco. Under normal conditions the rate of the carboxylase reaction is 4 times faster than the oxygenase reaction. Normal conditions being P = 1 atm, T = 25 oC, [CO2] = 10 µM and [O2] = 250 µM. When the temperature increases the rate of the oxygenase activity incre ...
... Recall the oxygenase activity of rubisco. Under normal conditions the rate of the carboxylase reaction is 4 times faster than the oxygenase reaction. Normal conditions being P = 1 atm, T = 25 oC, [CO2] = 10 µM and [O2] = 250 µM. When the temperature increases the rate of the oxygenase activity incre ...
3.1 The Molecules of Life--From Structure to Function A. What Is An
... A. Lipids are greasy or oily compounds with little tendency to dissolve in water. 1. They can be broken down by hydrolysis reactions. ...
... A. Lipids are greasy or oily compounds with little tendency to dissolve in water. 1. They can be broken down by hydrolysis reactions. ...
anaerobic respiration
... . The normal enzymes of the TCA cycle work in reverse of the normal oxidative direction of the cycle. . One exception ; Citrate lyase Citrate synthase ...
... . The normal enzymes of the TCA cycle work in reverse of the normal oxidative direction of the cycle. . One exception ; Citrate lyase Citrate synthase ...
General method for synthesis of azo dyes
... • The molecule is effectively neutral – it carries equal and opposite charges • This is rarely near pH 7 because the molecule ionisation tendencies are affected by the other groups in the molecule. ...
... • The molecule is effectively neutral – it carries equal and opposite charges • This is rarely near pH 7 because the molecule ionisation tendencies are affected by the other groups in the molecule. ...
T Dx test II
... 44) The solutions in the arms of the U-tube are separated at the bottom by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 molar glucose and 0.56 molar NaCl. Side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 mol ...
... 44) The solutions in the arms of the U-tube are separated at the bottom by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 molar glucose and 0.56 molar NaCl. Side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 mol ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... What is the charge on a sodium ion?___________________________ How many electrons does a chlorine ion have?___________________ What is the charge on a chlorine ion?___________________________ Why is the chlorine ion attracted to the sodium ion?________________________________________________________ ...
... What is the charge on a sodium ion?___________________________ How many electrons does a chlorine ion have?___________________ What is the charge on a chlorine ion?___________________________ Why is the chlorine ion attracted to the sodium ion?________________________________________________________ ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.