No Slide Title
... A fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetylCoA and: A. α-ketoglutarate B. Malate C. Succinyl-CoA D. Citrate E. Butyrate Which of the following statements apply to the β-oxidation of fatty acids? A. The process takes place in the cytosol of mammalian cells. B ...
... A fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetylCoA and: A. α-ketoglutarate B. Malate C. Succinyl-CoA D. Citrate E. Butyrate Which of the following statements apply to the β-oxidation of fatty acids? A. The process takes place in the cytosol of mammalian cells. B ...
Macromolecule Notes - Ms. Dooley`s Science Class
... • By adding this group, a portion of the molecule becomes hydrophobic (the tails) and portion is now hydrophilic (the head). So what? Now this molecule can be used as a type of sack. When dropped in water, they form spheres with the heads facing the water and tails facing inside. ...
... • By adding this group, a portion of the molecule becomes hydrophobic (the tails) and portion is now hydrophilic (the head). So what? Now this molecule can be used as a type of sack. When dropped in water, they form spheres with the heads facing the water and tails facing inside. ...
Overview of ATP Production
... chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP Production - Dion ...
... chemical reactions; almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on energy supplied by ATP. ATP Production - Dion ...
Macromolecule Notes Powerpoint
... • By adding this group, a portion of the molecule becomes hydrophobic (the tails) and portion is now hydrophilic (the head). So what? Now this molecule can be used as a type of sack. When dropped in water, they form spheres with the heads facing the water and tails facing inside. ...
... • By adding this group, a portion of the molecule becomes hydrophobic (the tails) and portion is now hydrophilic (the head). So what? Now this molecule can be used as a type of sack. When dropped in water, they form spheres with the heads facing the water and tails facing inside. ...
General pathways of amino acids transformation
... L-Glutamate dehydrogenase plays a central role in amino acid deamination In most organisms glutamate is the only amino acid that has active dehydrogenase Present in both the cytosol and mitochondria of the liver ...
... L-Glutamate dehydrogenase plays a central role in amino acid deamination In most organisms glutamate is the only amino acid that has active dehydrogenase Present in both the cytosol and mitochondria of the liver ...
Chemistry of Glycolysis
... 3‐P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the right because A) triose phosphate isomerase supplies so much starting material. B) The product of the reaction is consumed as soon as it is made. C) there are too few molecules of starting material available. D) The Gibbs free energy is ...
... 3‐P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the right because A) triose phosphate isomerase supplies so much starting material. B) The product of the reaction is consumed as soon as it is made. C) there are too few molecules of starting material available. D) The Gibbs free energy is ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... De novo synthesis of FAs In mammals fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the cytosol of the liver and adipose tissues .It also occurs in mammary glands during lactation. Acetyl-CoA is the starting material for FA synthesis. However, most acetyl-CoA in mitochondria(from the breakdown of suga ...
... De novo synthesis of FAs In mammals fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the cytosol of the liver and adipose tissues .It also occurs in mammary glands during lactation. Acetyl-CoA is the starting material for FA synthesis. However, most acetyl-CoA in mitochondria(from the breakdown of suga ...
1. The graph shows the relative levels of Cdk1 and cyclin B
... cells energy status, and if [AMP] levels rise, glycogen breakdown is urgently needed to resupply the glycolysis pathway. This is particularly significant in muscle, where ATP consumption rates vary widely and can suddenly build up. C) pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme required fo ...
... cells energy status, and if [AMP] levels rise, glycogen breakdown is urgently needed to resupply the glycolysis pathway. This is particularly significant in muscle, where ATP consumption rates vary widely and can suddenly build up. C) pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme required fo ...
Cell Respiration
... The ETC uses energy from electrons to pump H+ across a membrane against their concentration gradient - potential energy. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP This is an example of c ...
... The ETC uses energy from electrons to pump H+ across a membrane against their concentration gradient - potential energy. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP This is an example of c ...
Chem 562 - SDSU Chemistry
... Biochemistry and Protein Modification), that complete an advanced undergraduate education in biochemistry. Metabolism refers to the complete set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Metabolism begins with the extraction of energy from environmental sources such as sunlight and reduced organic co ...
... Biochemistry and Protein Modification), that complete an advanced undergraduate education in biochemistry. Metabolism refers to the complete set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Metabolism begins with the extraction of energy from environmental sources such as sunlight and reduced organic co ...
Macromolecules Worksheet
... catalyst_ 19. Name for any substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. monosaccharide_ 20. One sugar carbohydrates_ 21. Sugars, Starches, and Cellulose belong to this category. dipeptide_ 22. Two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond is called this. nucleic acids_23. DNA and RN ...
... catalyst_ 19. Name for any substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. monosaccharide_ 20. One sugar carbohydrates_ 21. Sugars, Starches, and Cellulose belong to this category. dipeptide_ 22. Two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond is called this. nucleic acids_23. DNA and RN ...
Word
... deficiencies, most likely due to increased thiamine consumption by the long-lived leukocytes. These patients have increased circulating levels of pyruvate and lactate. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these lab results? A) The decreased thiamine will inhibit the transketolas ...
... deficiencies, most likely due to increased thiamine consumption by the long-lived leukocytes. These patients have increased circulating levels of pyruvate and lactate. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these lab results? A) The decreased thiamine will inhibit the transketolas ...
October 26 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... ADP to ATP. C) produce reduced coenzymes like NADH. D) transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain. E) shuttle electrons from NADH to a terminal electron ...
... ADP to ATP. C) produce reduced coenzymes like NADH. D) transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain. E) shuttle electrons from NADH to a terminal electron ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... Amino acids are transported via the blood to the cells of the body. ...
... Amino acids are transported via the blood to the cells of the body. ...
Nucleotides: Be able to differentiate between a purine ring and a
... Enzymes and cofactors are catalysts and do not get used up. They are regenerated. A cosubstrate can leave the enzyme to be regenerated. A prosthetic group is regenerated while on the enzyme. High energy molecules: We will discuss this later, but for now, we will just call ATP a “high energy molecule ...
... Enzymes and cofactors are catalysts and do not get used up. They are regenerated. A cosubstrate can leave the enzyme to be regenerated. A prosthetic group is regenerated while on the enzyme. High energy molecules: We will discuss this later, but for now, we will just call ATP a “high energy molecule ...
detailed lecture outline
... The Electron Transport System. The TCA cycle breaks down the 2 pyruvic acid molecules, transferring hydrogen atoms to NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes provide electrons to the ETS; each of the 8 molecules of NADH yields 3 molecules of ATP and 1 water molecule; each of the 2 FADH2 molecules yields 2 ...
... The Electron Transport System. The TCA cycle breaks down the 2 pyruvic acid molecules, transferring hydrogen atoms to NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes provide electrons to the ETS; each of the 8 molecules of NADH yields 3 molecules of ATP and 1 water molecule; each of the 2 FADH2 molecules yields 2 ...
Ch.3 Review Using Vocabulary a) A monomer is a simpler, smaller
... e) A nucleic acid is a very large and complex organic molecule that stores and transfer important information in the cell; DNA and RNA are made p of thousands of linked monomers called nucleotides. 2. a) A triglyceride is composed of three molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of glycerol. ...
... e) A nucleic acid is a very large and complex organic molecule that stores and transfer important information in the cell; DNA and RNA are made p of thousands of linked monomers called nucleotides. 2. a) A triglyceride is composed of three molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of glycerol. ...
2.3 Carbon Compounds
... Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. Each amino acid has three distinct parts: an amino group, an R group, and a carboxyl group. An amino group has the formula –NH2, a carboxyl group is –COOH, and the R group varies from one amino acid to another. Two amino acids are joined in a chemical reacti ...
... Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. Each amino acid has three distinct parts: an amino group, an R group, and a carboxyl group. An amino group has the formula –NH2, a carboxyl group is –COOH, and the R group varies from one amino acid to another. Two amino acids are joined in a chemical reacti ...
FORMATION OF AMMONIA
... ATPs.The urea cycle consumes 4 high energy phosphatebonds. However, fumarate formed in the4th step may be converted to malate. Malate when oxidised to oxaloacetate produces 1 NADH equivalent to 2.5 ATP. So net energy expenditureis only 1.5 high energy phosphates. The ureacycle and TCA cycle are inte ...
... ATPs.The urea cycle consumes 4 high energy phosphatebonds. However, fumarate formed in the4th step may be converted to malate. Malate when oxidised to oxaloacetate produces 1 NADH equivalent to 2.5 ATP. So net energy expenditureis only 1.5 high energy phosphates. The ureacycle and TCA cycle are inte ...
ATP - HEDCen Science
... • The citric acid / Krebs cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, OAA, forming citrate (citric acid). • The next seven steps break down the citrate and regenerate oxaloacetate,OAA, making the proces ...
... • The citric acid / Krebs cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, OAA, forming citrate (citric acid). • The next seven steps break down the citrate and regenerate oxaloacetate,OAA, making the proces ...
Johnson, H. N. Purification of
... roltr plus 0 . 7 % L-arobinme and 0 . 3 % sucrose. Tne culture wm aerated by bubbl’ an g and inwbated f o r 9 6 hours ot 25’C. The culture was harvested by straining through cheese-cloth, washing with cold distilled water, and compressing the myceliol mat by vacuum filtration. Cells were disrupted f ...
... roltr plus 0 . 7 % L-arobinme and 0 . 3 % sucrose. Tne culture wm aerated by bubbl’ an g and inwbated f o r 9 6 hours ot 25’C. The culture was harvested by straining through cheese-cloth, washing with cold distilled water, and compressing the myceliol mat by vacuum filtration. Cells were disrupted f ...
A1981LY47200002
... bridge, I had worked on the rat muscle. I hope that it adequately diaphragm assay for insulin and anti-inrepresented and acknowledged the sulin factors in blood plasma. This excontribution of colleagues in other perience convinced me that the route laboratories. The main controversy to an understand ...
... bridge, I had worked on the rat muscle. I hope that it adequately diaphragm assay for insulin and anti-inrepresented and acknowledged the sulin factors in blood plasma. This excontribution of colleagues in other perience convinced me that the route laboratories. The main controversy to an understand ...
Final Exam - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Dephosphorylation of the PFK-2/F2,6BPase isoenzyme in the liver results in the activation of its kinase activity. Briefly explain the logic of this regulatory loop with respect to the degradation of excess dietary xylulose in the liver. (4 pts) ...
... Dephosphorylation of the PFK-2/F2,6BPase isoenzyme in the liver results in the activation of its kinase activity. Briefly explain the logic of this regulatory loop with respect to the degradation of excess dietary xylulose in the liver. (4 pts) ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.