Metabolic Enzymes
... – Optimum pH rangeefficiency can be adversely affected if too acidic or too alkaline. – Optimum temperature rangeefficiency can be affected if too hot or too cool. – Optimum concentration of enzyme and/or substrate – concentration might be too high or too low. – Presence of inhibitors (e.g., heavy ...
... – Optimum pH rangeefficiency can be adversely affected if too acidic or too alkaline. – Optimum temperature rangeefficiency can be affected if too hot or too cool. – Optimum concentration of enzyme and/or substrate – concentration might be too high or too low. – Presence of inhibitors (e.g., heavy ...
What is respiration?
... transport, bulk transport, nerve conduction, synthesis of large molecules such as cellulose and proteins, and replication of DNA. Energy is also needed for synthesis of new organelles before a cell divides. When life developed on Earth around 3500 million years ago, the atmosphere did not contain an ...
... transport, bulk transport, nerve conduction, synthesis of large molecules such as cellulose and proteins, and replication of DNA. Energy is also needed for synthesis of new organelles before a cell divides. When life developed on Earth around 3500 million years ago, the atmosphere did not contain an ...
Student Book (Unit 1 Module 4) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... transport, bulk transport, nerve conduction, synthesis of large molecules such as cellulose and proteins, and replication of DNA. Energy is also needed for synthesis of new organelles before a cell divides. When life developed on Earth around 3500 million years ago, the atmosphere did not contain an ...
... transport, bulk transport, nerve conduction, synthesis of large molecules such as cellulose and proteins, and replication of DNA. Energy is also needed for synthesis of new organelles before a cell divides. When life developed on Earth around 3500 million years ago, the atmosphere did not contain an ...
October 24 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... the energetically favorable reactions that were performed by different enzymes (and often regulated). 11. (12 pts) Please answer one of the following choices on pathway regulation: Choice A: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle are each regulated by energy sensing. Choose one of these pathw ...
... the energetically favorable reactions that were performed by different enzymes (and often regulated). 11. (12 pts) Please answer one of the following choices on pathway regulation: Choice A: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the TCA cycle are each regulated by energy sensing. Choose one of these pathw ...
Practice Exam 3
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
Practice Exam 3 Answers
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
... Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme reactions from glyc ...
General and Organic Chemistry Review Primer
... the number of protons and neutrons. Calculating an element’s mass number is complicated by the existence of isotopes, atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Many naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes. For example, carbon has three ...
... the number of protons and neutrons. Calculating an element’s mass number is complicated by the existence of isotopes, atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Many naturally occurring elements exist as a mixture of isotopes. For example, carbon has three ...
Name: Class: ______ Date: ______ ID: A Intro to College Biology
... 6. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water? a. All increase when temperature increases, b. All are produced by ionic bonding. c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding, d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds. e. C and D only 7. Which of ...
... 6. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water? a. All increase when temperature increases, b. All are produced by ionic bonding. c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding, d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds. e. C and D only 7. Which of ...
Chem 465 Biochemistry II
... thiamine pyrophosphate, lippoate and FAD, ad well as the substrate CoenzymeA. In pyruvate dehydrogenase the E1 protein is actually the pyruvate dehydrogenase part of the complex. It uses TPP to cleave the terminal CO2 from pyruvate and transfers the remaining part of the pyruvate to E2 (Dihydrolipoy ...
... thiamine pyrophosphate, lippoate and FAD, ad well as the substrate CoenzymeA. In pyruvate dehydrogenase the E1 protein is actually the pyruvate dehydrogenase part of the complex. It uses TPP to cleave the terminal CO2 from pyruvate and transfers the remaining part of the pyruvate to E2 (Dihydrolipoy ...
Notes - Being an Environmental Scientist
... • Do NOT copy one from the notes • You may use the web to help • When you are finished, raise your hand and I will sign you off. • After sign off, put your lenovo and bell ringer up, pack up, and study your notes for the game!!! ...
... • Do NOT copy one from the notes • You may use the web to help • When you are finished, raise your hand and I will sign you off. • After sign off, put your lenovo and bell ringer up, pack up, and study your notes for the game!!! ...
Redox Reactions in Metabolism Supplemental Reading Key
... Oxidations can also involve a direct combination with oxygen which oxidizes the carbon by pulling e- toward the more electronegative O atom. Enzymes that catalyze biochemical redox reactions are strictly called oxidoreductases, however, since most oxidation reactions involve the loss of one or more ...
... Oxidations can also involve a direct combination with oxygen which oxidizes the carbon by pulling e- toward the more electronegative O atom. Enzymes that catalyze biochemical redox reactions are strictly called oxidoreductases, however, since most oxidation reactions involve the loss of one or more ...
Glycolysis 1
... 1. glycolytic enzymes are highly conserved among all living organisms, suggesting it is an ancient pathway. 2. glycolysis is the primary pathway for ATP generation under anaerobic conditions and in cells lacking mitochondria such as erythrocytes. 3. metabolites of glycolysis are precursors for a lar ...
... 1. glycolytic enzymes are highly conserved among all living organisms, suggesting it is an ancient pathway. 2. glycolysis is the primary pathway for ATP generation under anaerobic conditions and in cells lacking mitochondria such as erythrocytes. 3. metabolites of glycolysis are precursors for a lar ...
Biochemical Pathways
... (figure 6.1). Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction that results in the release of energy by breaking chemical bonds. The organic molecules of wood are broken and changed into the end products of ash, gases (CO2), water (H2O), and energy (heat and light). Living organisms are capable of ...
... (figure 6.1). Burning wood is an example of a chemical reaction that results in the release of energy by breaking chemical bonds. The organic molecules of wood are broken and changed into the end products of ash, gases (CO2), water (H2O), and energy (heat and light). Living organisms are capable of ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... • 3-phosphoglycerate Serine • Serine is the building block for two amino acids that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions – Glycine – cysteine ...
... • 3-phosphoglycerate Serine • Serine is the building block for two amino acids that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions – Glycine – cysteine ...
Document
... Application: Green Energy • Corn and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels – Starch from corn kernels can be broken down to glucose, which is converted to ethanol by bacteria or yeast ...
... Application: Green Energy • Corn and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels – Starch from corn kernels can be broken down to glucose, which is converted to ethanol by bacteria or yeast ...
ch3a FA11 - Cal State LA
... • Study of energy transformations in living organisms • Thermodynamics – 1st Law: Conservation of E • Neither created nor destroyed • Can be transduced into different forms – 2nd Law: Events proceed from higher to lower E states • Entropy (disorder) always increases – Universe = system + surrounds ...
... • Study of energy transformations in living organisms • Thermodynamics – 1st Law: Conservation of E • Neither created nor destroyed • Can be transduced into different forms – 2nd Law: Events proceed from higher to lower E states • Entropy (disorder) always increases – Universe = system + surrounds ...
9 How Cells Harvest Energy Concept Outline
... using oxygen to accept the electrons harvested from food molecules. In the absence of oxygen to accept the electrons, some organisms can still respire anaerobically, using inorganic molecules to accept the electrons. For example, many bacteria use sulfur, nitrate, or other inorganic compounds as the ...
... using oxygen to accept the electrons harvested from food molecules. In the absence of oxygen to accept the electrons, some organisms can still respire anaerobically, using inorganic molecules to accept the electrons. For example, many bacteria use sulfur, nitrate, or other inorganic compounds as the ...
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
... sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of ...
... sustain energy generation and maintain cellular redox balance under a variety of different environmental conditions. Fermentation metabolism in Chlamydomonas appears to be highly controlled, and the flexible use of the different branches of fermentation metabolism has been demonstrated in studies of ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • NAD+ and NADP+ shuttle reducing equivalents throughout metabolism, are derived from niacin. • They are cosubstrates for dehydrogenase enzymes. • Once reduced, they transport electrons released by fuel oxidation (glucose metabolism) into the mitochondrial electron transport chain for ATP synthesis. ...
... • NAD+ and NADP+ shuttle reducing equivalents throughout metabolism, are derived from niacin. • They are cosubstrates for dehydrogenase enzymes. • Once reduced, they transport electrons released by fuel oxidation (glucose metabolism) into the mitochondrial electron transport chain for ATP synthesis. ...
avogadro exam 2001 - University of Waterloo
... and 45.0 mL of 0.196 M NaNO3(aq) are mixed? Assume the final volume is 80.0 mL. A ...
... and 45.0 mL of 0.196 M NaNO3(aq) are mixed? Assume the final volume is 80.0 mL. A ...
Indicative, Pathogenic, and Marine Bacteria in the Sea
... overgrown by other types of marine bacteria. Obviously, the procedures for isolating staphylococci of human origin in marine water need to be refined. How-ever, this observation may indicate that there is considerable competition between large numbers of native marine bacteria and staphylococcus. In ...
... overgrown by other types of marine bacteria. Obviously, the procedures for isolating staphylococci of human origin in marine water need to be refined. How-ever, this observation may indicate that there is considerable competition between large numbers of native marine bacteria and staphylococcus. In ...
NADH - Mrs. Yu`s Science Classes
... Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is a cellular process that breaks down nutrient molecules with the concomitant production of ATP • Hmm…sounds like a difficult definition, but the main point of Respiration is: - To generation energy from carbon in the form of ATP - Aerobic respiration ...
... Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is a cellular process that breaks down nutrient molecules with the concomitant production of ATP • Hmm…sounds like a difficult definition, but the main point of Respiration is: - To generation energy from carbon in the form of ATP - Aerobic respiration ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)